• سلسلة الوحدات التعليمية لجامعة EJ4 : الجريمة المنظمة / مكافحة الإرهاب

• الوحدة التعليمية 16 : الروابط بين الجريمة المنظمة و الإرهاب

• المقدمة ومخرجات التعلم

• القضايا الرئيسية

  • التعاريف والمصطلحات
  • الجريمة المنظمة والإرهاب : الإطار القانوني الدولي
  • • الإطار الدولي للإرهاب : الاتفاقيات الدولية المتعلقة بالإرهاب
    • الإطار الدولي للإرهاب : قرارات مجلس الأمن الدولي العامة بشأن الإرهاب
    • الإطار الدولي للجريمة المنظمة : اتفاقية الجريمة المنظمة وبروتوكولاتها
  • الأطر النظرية للروابط بين الجريمة المنظمة والإرهاب
  • أنواع السلوك الإجرامي المرتبط بالإرهاب
  • • الإرهاب والاتجار المخدرات
    • الإرهاب والاتجار بالأسلحة
    • الصلات بين الإرهاب والجريمة والاتجار بالممتلكات الثقافية / الآثار
    • الاتجار بالأشخاص والإرهاب
    • جرائم الملكية الفكرية والإرهاب
    • الاختطاف من أجل الفدية والإرهاب
    • استغلال الموارد الطبيعية والارهاب
  • الملخص
  • المراجع

• دراسات الحالة

• الهيكل الممكن للفصل

• قراءات أساسية

• قراءات متقدمة

• تقييم الطلاب

• • أسئلة البحث والدراسة المستقلة
  • أسئلة المراجعة والتقييم
  • المسابقة 16

• أدوات تدريس إضافية

نُشرت الترجمة العربية في نيسان (أبريل) 2021.

 

  هذه الوحدة التعليمية هي مورد مرجعي للمحاضرين  

 

قراءات متقدمة

 

يوصى بالقراءات التالية للطلاب المهتمين باستكشاف موضوعات هذه الوحدة التعليمية بمزيد من التفصيل ، وللمحاضرين الذين يقومون بتدريس الوحدة التعليمية :

الأطر والمبادرات الدولية والإقليمية

• Curtis, G. and Karacan, T. (2002). The Nexus Among Terrorists, Narcotics Traffickers, Weapons Proliferators, and Organised Crime Networks in Western Europe, Federal Research Division Library of Congress.
• Makarenko, T. (2012). Europe's Crime-Terror Nexus: Links between terrorist and organized crime groups in the European Union, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, European Parliament.
• Normark, M., Ranstorp, M. and Ahlin, F. (2017). Financial Activities Linked to Persons from Sweden and Denmark who Joined Terrorist Groups in Syria and Iraq During the Period 2013-2016. Swedish Defence University.
• Oftedal, E. (2015). "The Financing of Jihadi Terrorist Cells in Europe," Norwegian Defence Research Establishment - FFI. 
• Salinas de Frias, A. (2017). Report on Links Between Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime, Council of Europe Second International Conference on Terrorism and Organised Crime.
• Saul, B. (2015). "Terrorism as a Legal Concept", in Lennon, G and Walker, C. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Law and Terrorism. Routledge.
• Sinn, A. (2016). "Transational Organised Crime: Concepts and Critics", in Hauck P. and Peterke, S. (eds.) International Law and Organised Crime. Oxford University Press.

 

الأطر النظرية

• Ballina, S., (2011). "The Crime-Terror Continuum Revisited: A Model for the Study of Hybrid Criminal Organizations", Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism vol. 6: 121.
• Bovenkerk, F. & Chakra, B.A., (2007). "Terrorism and Organised Crime", in Holmes, L. (ed.), Terrorism, Organised Crime and Corruption: Networks and Linkages, Edward Elgar.
• Fredholm, M. (2017). Transnational Organized Crime and Jihadist Terrorism: Russian-Speaking Networks in Western Europe. New York: Routledge.
• Holmes, L. (2007). Terrorism, Organised Crime and Corruption: Networks and Linkages. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
• Hübschle, A. (2011). "From Theory to Practice: Exploring the Organised Crime-Terror Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa", Perspectives on Terrorism vol. 5:3-4.
• Hutchinson, S. and O'Malley, P. (2007). "A Crime-Terror Nexus? Thinking on Some of the Links between Terrorism and Criminality", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism vol. 30:12, 1095-1107.
• Makarenko, T., (2010). "The Crime-Terror Nexus: Do Threat Perceptions Align With 'Reality?", in Allum, F., Longo, F., Irrera, D. and Kostakos P.A. (eds), Defining and Defying Organised Crime: Discourse, Perceptions and Reality. Routledge.
• Reitano, T., Clarke, C. & Adal, L., Examining the Nexus between Organised Crime and Terrorism and its Implications for EU Programming, CT-MORSE Consortium.
• Rosato, V. (2016). "'Hybrid Orders' between Terrorism and Organized Crime: The Case of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb", African Security vol. 9:2, 110-135.
• Schmid, A. P. (1992). "The Response Problem as Definition Problem", Terrorism and Political Violence, 4/4, p. 7-25.
• Shelley, L. (2014). Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism. Cambridge University Press.
• Williams, P. (1998). "Terrorism and Organized Crime: Convergence, Nexus or Transformation?" in Jervas ed. Report on Terrorism, Swedish Defence Research Establishment.

 

الأنماط

(1) الاتجار بالمخدرات

• Asal, V. Milward, H.B. and Schoon, E.W. (2015). "When Terrorists Go Bad: Analyzing Terrorist Organizations' Involvement in Drug Smuggling". International Studies Quarterly, vol 59: 112-123.
• Braun, M., (2008). Drug Trafficking and Middle Eastern Terrorist Groups: A Growing Nexus? Washington Institute .
• Braun, M., (2012). Iran, Hezbollah and the Threat to the Homeland, Testimony to Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, Homeland Security Digital Library.
• Casteel, S. (2003). Narco-Terrorism: International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism - A Dangerous Mix, Testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee.
• Ciluffo, F. (2000). The Threat Posed form the Convergence of Organised Crime, Drug Trafficking and Terrorism, address before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington D.C.
• Curtis, G.E. and Karacan, T. (2002). The Nexus Among Terrorists, Narcotics Traffickers, Weapons Proliferators, And Organised Crime Networks in Western Europe. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
• Ehrenfeld, R. (2003). Funding Evil: How Terrorism is Financed and How to Stop It. Chicago and Los Angeles: Bonus Books.
• Financial Action Task Force (2008). Terrorist Financing Report 29 February 2008.
• Schmid, Alex, (2014). "Links between Terrorism and Drug Trafficking: A Case of 'Narco-terrorism'?" Turkish Policy Quarterly 1-14.
• Roth, Mitchel P., and Sever, Murat, (2007). "The Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) as Criminal Syndicate: Funding Terrorism through Organized Crime, A Case Study", Studies in Conflict and Terrorism vol 30:10, 901-920.
• Taylor, L. (2017). "Sendero Luminoso in the New Millenium: Comrades, Cocaine and Counter-Insurgency on the Peruvian Frontier", Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 17, 106-121

(2) الاتجار بالأسلحة

• Europol, (2016). Changes in Modus Operandi of Islamic State (IS) Revisited, The Hague.
• Europol, (2017). European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report.
• Feinstein, A. & Holden, P. (2014). "Arms Trafficking", in Letizia Paoli (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Organised Crime, OUP.
• Madsen, F. (2009). Transnational Organised Crime, Routledge.
• Rothe, D.L. & Ross, J.I. (2012). "The State and Transnational Organised Crime: The Case of Small Arms Trafficking", in Felia Allum & Stan Gilmour (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Transnational Organized Crime, Routledge.

(3) الآثار/الملكية الثقافية

• Asfour, L. and Scott, M. (2015). "ISIL and the History of Destroying History," Al Jazeera (3 Mar 2015).
• Bowman B.A, (2008). "Transnational Crimes against Culture", Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice vol. 24:11 225-242.
• Campbell, P. (2013). "The Illicit Antiquities Trade as a Transnational Criminal Network: Characterizing and Anticipating Trafficking of Cultural Heritage", 20 International Journal of Cultural Property.
• Danti, M.D., (2015). The Finance of Global Terrorism through Cultural Property Crime in Syria and Northern Iraq. Written statement submitted for testimony before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (November 2015).
• Dietzler, J. (2013). "On 'Organized Crime' in the Illicit Antiquities Trade: Moving Beyond the Definitional Debate", Trends in Organized Crime vol.16:3 333.
• Mackenzie, S. and Davis, T. (2014). "Temple Looting in Cambodia: Anatomy of a Statue Trafficking Network", British Journal of Criminology vol. 8 1-19.
• MacKenzie, S. and Yates, D. (2017). "What is Grey about the 'Grey Market' in Antiquities", in Beckert J. and Dewey, M. (eds) The Architecture of Illegal Markets: Towards an Economic Sociology of Illegality in the Economy, OUP.
• Pauwels, A., (2016). ISIS and Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property: Funding Terrorism through Art, OECD Library (August 2016).
• Tribble, J. (2015). Antiquities Trafficking and Terrorism: Where Cultural Wealth, Political Violence, and Criminal Networks Intersect.

(4) الاتجار بالبشر

• Ashraph, S. referenced in Cathy Otten, (2017). "Slaves of ISIS: The Long Walk of the Yazid". The Guardian (25 July 2017).
• Callimachi, R. (2015). "ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape", The New York Times (14 August 2015).
• Micallef, M. (2017). The Human Conveyor Belt: Trends in Human Trafficking and Smuggling in Post-Revolution Libya, The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (March 2017).
• Saul, B. (2017). "The Legal Relationship between Terrorism and Transnational Crime", International Criminal Law Review, Vol. 17, No. 3 pp. 417-452, 2017.
• Shelley, L. (2012). Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press.
• Welch, S.A., (2017). "Human Trafficking and Terrorism: Utilizing National Security Resources to Prevent Human Trafficking in the Islamic State", Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy vol: 24, 165 - 188

(5) جرائم الملكية الفكرية

• Europol (2017). European Union Serious and Organized Crime Threat Assessment: Crime in the Age of Technology. European Police Office 2017.
• Gastrow, P. (2011). Termites at Work: Transnational Organised Crime and State Erosion in Kenya, International Peace Institute.
• Lallerstedt. K. and Krassen, P. (2015). How Leading Companies and Affected by Counterfeiting and IP Infringement, Black Market Watch.
• Noble, R.K., (2003). "Hearing before the United States Committee on International Relations, Hearing on Intellectual Property Crimes: Are Proceeds from Counterfeited Goods Funding Terrorism", 16 July 2003.
• OECD, (2016). Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods: Mapping the Economic Impact.
• Sullivan, B.A., Chermak, S.M., Wilson, J.M. and Freilich, J.D (2014). "The Nexus Between Terrorism and Product Counterfeiting in the United States", Global Crime, 15:3-4, 357-378.
• Sverdlick, A. (2005). "Terrorist and Organised Crime in the 'Triple Frontier' Among Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay", Trends in Organised Crime, vol. 9(2): 84-93.
• U.S. State Department (2015). The Global Illicit Trade in Tobacco: A Threat to National Security.  

(6) الاختطاف طلبا لفدية

• O'Brien, M. (2012). "Fluctuations Between Crime and Terror: The Case of Abu Sayyaf's Kidnapping Activities", Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 24 (2012) 320-336
• Santos, S.M and Santos, P.V.M., (2010). Al-Harakatul Al-Islamiyya, aka Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Primed and Purposeful: Armed Groups and Human Security Efforts in the Philippines Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Shortland, A. and Keatinge, T. (2017). Closing the Gap: Assessing Responses to Terrorist-Related Kidnap-for-Ransom, Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), September 2017.

(7) استغلال الموارد الطبيعية

• OECD (2017). Terrorism, Corruption and the Criminal Exploitation of Natural Resources.

 

تقارير صادرة عن الأمم المتحدة

• United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and Thailand Institute of Justice (2016). Breaking the Organized Crime and Counter-Terrorism Nexus: Identifying Programmatic Approaches. Meeting Report.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2003). The Opium Economy in Afghanistan: An International Problem. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2010). Digest of Terrorist Cases. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2012). Trafficking in cultural property: organized crime and the theft of our past. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013). Transnational Organized Crime in West Africa: A Threat Assessment. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015). Study on Firearms 2015: A study on the transnational nature of and routes and modus operandi used in trafficking in firearms. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2018). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2018). World Drug Report 2018. Vienna: UNODC. 

 

 التالي : تقييم الطلاب

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