Doha Declaration

Education for Justice

This module is a resource for lecturers

References

Achilli, Luigi, Leach, Hannah, Matarazzo, Monica, Tondo, Marina, Cauchi, Alba, and Karanika Traindafilia (2017). On my own: protection challenges for unaccompanied and separated children in Jordan, Lebanon and Greece. Mixed Migration Platform (MMP) Report.
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Adopted 01 July 1990, entered into force 29 November 1999.
African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Strategic Plan 2015-2019. African Union.
African Union (no date). African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Website.
Anti-Slavery International (2014). Trafficking for Forced Criminal Activities and Begging in Europe: Exploratory Study and Good Practice Examples. Race in Europe.
Bateman, Tim (2015). “Trends in Detected Youth Crime and Contemporary State Responses.” Youth Crime and Justice. Barry Goldson and John Muncie, eds. 2^nd Edition. pp. 67-82.
Blades, Rachel, Hart, Di, Lea, Joanna, and Natasha Willmott (2011). Care: A stepping stone to custody? The views of children in care on the links between care, offending and custody. Prison Reform Trust, London.
Bochenek, Michael Garcia (2016). Children Behind Bars: The Global Overuse of Detention of Children. Human Rights Watch.
Caribbean Policy Research Institute and UNICEF (2018). Situation Analysis of Jamaican Children. Caribbean Policy Research Institute and UNICEF.
Carr, Nicola and Siobhán McAlister (2016). “The Double-Bind: Looked After Children, Care Leavers and Criminal Justice.” Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care. Philip Mendes and Pamela Snow. eds. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Capdevila, Manel, and Cédric Foussard (2020). "The mutual compatibility of children’s rights and public safety: Community-based measures for children in conflict with the law in Catalonia." In Violence Against Children in the Criminal Justice System, Wendy O’Brien and Cédric Foussard (Eds.) London: Routledge. pp. 216-234.
Cashmore, Judy (2011). "The link between child maltreatment and adolescent offending: Systems neglect of adolescents." Family Matters, no. 89.
Cashmore, Judy and Paul Parkinson (2007). “What responsibility to courts have to hear children’s voices?” The International Journal of Children's Rights. vol. 15. pp. 43-60.
Chappell, Louise (2017). “The gender injustice cascade: ‘transformative’ reparations for victims of sexual and gender-based crimes in the Lubanga case at the International Criminal Court.” The International Journal of Human Rights. vol. 21, no. 9. pp. 1223-1242.
Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) (no date). The minimum age of criminal responsibility.
Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) (2014). Nigeria: A child bride, a dead husband and a long battle.
Chzhen, Yekaterina, Bruckauf, Zlata, and Emilia Toczydlowska (2017). Sustainable Development Goal 1.2: Multidimensional child poverty in the European Union. Innocenti Working Paper No. 2017-07.
Cipriani, Don (2009). Children’s Rights and the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility. Abingdon: Ashgate Publishing.
Committee on the Rights of the Child (2007). General Comment No. 10 on Children’s Rights in Juvenile Justice. CRC/C/GC/10.
Committee on the Rights of the Child (2019). General Comment No. 24 on Children’s Rights in the Child Justice System. CRC/C/GC/24.
Council of Europe (2010). Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on child-friendly justice. Adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 17 November 2010. Council of Europe Publishing.
Council of Europe (2003). The Recommendations concerning new ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency and the role of juvenile justice. Council of Europe Publishing.
Council of Europe (2008). The European Rules for juvenile offenders subject to sanctions and measures. Council of Europe Publishing.
Crofts, Thomas (2008). “The Criminal Responsibility of Children.” Children and the Law in Australia. Geoff Monahan and Lisa Young. eds. Chatswood: LexisNexis Butterworths. pp. 167-186.
Cunneen, Chris (2018). “Indigenous People, Resistance and Racialised Criminality.” Media, Crime and Racism. Bhatia, M, Pynting, S, and W, Tufail, eds. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 277-299.
Criminal Code of the Republic of Hungary, 2012
Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1994 Amended in 2002.
Davidson, J.; Elsley, S.; Giraldi, M.; Goudie, A.; Hope, K.; Lyth, A.; Van Keirsbilck, Benoit (2019a): Justice for Children, Justice for All: The Challenge to Achieve SDG16+ Call to Action. Glasgow: CELCIS – Inspiring Children’s Futures, University of Strathclyde.
Davidson, Jennifer, Elsley, S; Giraldi, M.; Goudie, A.; Hope, K.; Lyth, A.; Van Keirsbilck, Benoit (2019b). Justice for Children, Justice for All: The Challenge to Achieve SDG16+ A Challenge Paper. Scotland: CELCIS-Inspiring Children’s Futures, University of Strathclyde.
Delima, Jennifer and Graham Vimpani (2011). “The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment: An often overlooked narrative related to the long-term effects of childhood trauma?” Family Matters, no. 89.
Delmage, E. (2013). "The minimum age of criminal responsibility: A medico-legal perspective." Youth Justice. vol. 13. no. 2. pp. 102–110.
Eckholm, Eric (2016). "States Move Toward Treating 17-Year-Old Offenders as Juveniles, Not Adults." The New York Times, 13 May 2016.
Eekelaar, John (1994). “The Interests of the child and the child's wishes: the role of dynamic self-determinism.” International Journal of Law Policy and the Family. vol, 8. no. 1. pp. 42-61.
Egan, Suzanne (2014). “The New Complaints Mechanism for the Convention on the Rights of the Child” International Journal of Children’s Rights vol. 22. pp. 205-225.
El-Khani, Aala, Maalouf, Wadih, Abu Baker, Dania, Zahra, Nosheen, Noubani, Ali, and Cartwright, Kim (2019). “Caregiving for children through conflict and displacement: a pilot study testing the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a light touch parenting intervention for caregivers in the West Bank”. International Journal of Psychology. First published online 30 May 2019. Doi: 10.1002/ijop.12591
Ellsberg, Mary, Vyas, Amita, Madrid, Bernadette, Quintilla, Margarita, and Jennifer Zelaya. (2017). “Violence Against Adolescent Girls: Falling Through The Cracks?” Background Paper. Ending Violence in Childhood Global Report 2017. Know Violence in Childhood. New Delhi, India.
Fedotov, Yury (2017). “Fair, effective and child-friendly justice systems: A prerequisite to end violence against children”. Celebrating Childhood: A Journey to End Violence against Children. Office of the SRSG on Violence against Chidlren.
Forde, Louise, and KilKelly, Ursula (2020). Indeptendent oversight and monitoring: Advancing the rights of children deprived of their liberty”. Violence against Children in the Criminal Justice System: Global Perspectives on Prevention. Wendy O’Brien and Cédric Foussard (Eds.) London: Routledge. pp. 73-88.
Gerard, Alison, McGrath, Andrew, Colvin, Emma, and Kath McFarlane (2018). “’I’m not getting out of bed!’ The criminalization of young people in residential care.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. First Published 4 June 2018.
Goldson, Barry (2013). “‘Unsafe, unjust and harmful to wider society’: Grounds for raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales.” Youth Justice. vol. 13. no. 2. pp. 111–130.
Goldson, Barry (2015). “The Circular Motions of penal Politics and the Pervasive Irrationalities of Child Imprisonment.” Youth Crime and Justice. Barry Goldson and John Muncie, eds. 2^nd Edition. pp. 170-190.
Guidelines on Action in the Justice System for Children in Africa (adopted in Kampala, 2011).
Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Homel, Ross, Freiberg Kate, Branch Sara and Le Huong (2015). "Preventing the onset of youth offending: The impact of the Pathways to Prevention Project on child behaviour and wellbeing." Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice. no. 481, pp. 1-10.
Inder, Brigid (2011). "Reflection: Gender Issues and Child Soldiers – The Case of Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo." International Justice Monitor, A Project of the Open Society Justice Initiative.
International Criminal Court (ICC) (2012). The Prosecutor vs. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo. The Office of the Prosecutor.
Lamb ME and Sim MPY (2013). “Developmental factors affecting children in legal contexts.” Youth Justice. vol. 13. No. 2. pp. 131–144.
League of Nations (1924). Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Adopted 26 September, 1924.
Legaspi-Medina, Rowena (2020). “Legal Implementation: The missing piece of the puzzle in safeguarding children from violence in the Philippines.” Violence against Children in the Criminal Justice System: Global Perspectives on Prevention. Wendy O’Brien and Cedric Foussard, eds. London: Routledge. pp. 107-124.
Liefaard, Ton (2019). “Access to Justice for Children: Towards a Specific Research and Implementation Agenda” International Journal for Children’s Rights. vol. 27. pp. 195-227.
Liefaard, Ton (2020). “Juvenile Justice”. The Oxford Handbook of Children’s Rights Law. Jonathan Todres and Shani M. King (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 279-306.
Lundy, Laura, Kilkelly, Ursula, Byrne, Bronagh, and Jason Kang (2012). The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: A study of legal implementation in 12 countries. UNICEF.
McDiarmid Claire (2013). “An age of complexity: Children and criminal responsibility in law.” Youth Justice. vol. 13. No. 2. pp. 145–160.
McFarlane, Kath (2018). “Care-criminalization: the involvement of children in out-of-home care in the New South Wales criminal justice system.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. vol. 51. no. 3. pp. 412-433.
Minujin, Alberto (2011). Child Poverty in East Asia and the Pacific: Deprivations and Disparities – A study of seven countries. UNICEF, Bangkok.
Munyonyou Declaration Justice for Children in Africa (2014).
O’Brien, Wendy and Kate Fitz-Gibbon (2017). “The Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in Victoria (Australia): Examining Stakeholders’ Views and the Need for Principled Reform.” Youth Justice. vol. 7. no. 2. pp. 1-19.
O’Brien, Wendy (2020a). “Introduction”. Violence against Children in the Criminal Justice System: Global Perspectives on Prevention. Wendy O’Brien and Cédric Foussard (Eds.) London: Routledge. pp. 1-14.
O’Brien, Wendy (2020b). “Youth justice ‘crises’ and the role for children’s rights in ending cycles of violence against children in conflict with the law”. Violence against Children in the Criminal Justice System: Global Perspectives on Prevention. Wendy O’Brien and Cédric Foussard (Eds.) London: Routledge. pp. 15-37.
Office of the Children’s Advocate (2013). Child Justice Guidelines. Office of the Children’s Advocate, Kingston.
Ordonnance de 1945 sur la Justice des Mineurs.
Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2019). The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation.
Penal Reform International (2014). Neglected needs: girls in the criminal justice system.
Phoenix, Jo (2016). Out of place: The policing and criminalization of sexually exploited girls and young women. Howard League for Penal Reform.
Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio (2006). World Report on Violence against Children. Geneva: United Nations.
Rap, Stephanie (2013). The Participation of Juvenile Defendants in the Youth Court: A Comparative Study of Juvenile Justice Procedures in Europe. Amsterdam: Pallas.
Richard Muasya v the Hon. Attorney General [2010] High Court of Kenya
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998, 2187 UNTS 3, 99 [Rome Statute].
Romer, Daniel (2010). “Adolescent Risk Taking, Impulsivity, and Brain Development: Implications for Prevention.” Developmental Psychobiology. vol. 52. no. 3. pp. 263-276.
Rook, John and Samantha Sexsmith (2015). “The Criminalisation of Poverty” Crime Prevention: International Perspectives, Issues and Trends, John A. Winterdyk, ed. Boca Raton, CRC Press, pp. 317-344.
Santos Pais, Marta (2015). “Children’s Rights, Freedom from Violence and Criminal Justice.” Child-friendly Justice: A Quarter of a Century of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Said Mahmoudi, Pernilla Leviner, Anna Kaldal, Katrin Lainpelto. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff. pp. 14-29.
Saada Saar, Malika, Epstein, Rebecca, Rsenthal, Lindsay, and Yasmin Vafa (2015). The Sexual Abuse to Prison Pipeline: The Girls’ Story. Georgetown Law Centre on Poverty and Inequality.
Schweinhardt, Lawrence (2003). "Benefits, Costs, and Explanation of the HighScope Perry Preschool Program," Paper presented at the Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, Florida, April 26, 2003.
Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children (SRSG on VAC) (2015). Safeguarding the rights of girls in the criminal justice system. New York: Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children.
Squires, Peter, and Dawn Stephen (2005). Rougher justice: anti-social behaviour and young people. Devon: Willan Publishing.
UNICEF (2017). Diversion not Detention: A study on diversion and other alternative measures for children in conflict with the law in East Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok: UNICEF EAPRO.
UNICEF (2013). Without birth registration, children are shut out of society altogether.
UNICEF (2004). Justice for Children: Detention as a Last Resort, Innovative Initiatives in the East Asia and Pacific Region.
UNICEF and International Development Law Organization (IDLO) (2015). Children’s Equitable Access to Justice: Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
United Nations (2014). United Nations Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence against Children in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (General Assembly resolution 69/194, Annex).
United Nations (1985). Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (General Assembly resolution 40/34, annex, of 29 November 1985).
United Nations (2011). United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders (The Bangkok Rules). A/RES/65/229.
United Nations (2009). The United Nations Guidelines for the Appropriate Use and Conditions of Alternative Care for Children. (GA Res 64/142, 2009).
United Nations (2008). Guidance Note of the Secretary-General on the UN Approach to Justice for Children. United Nations, New York.
United Nations (1990). United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (General Assembly resolution 45/113, annex, of 14 December 1990).
United Nations (1990). United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines) (General Assembly resolution 45/112, annex, of 14 December 1990)
United Nations (1989). Convention on the rights of the child (CRC). Opened for signature 20 November 1989 (UNTS volume 1577, p. 3, article 49, entered into force 2 September 1990).
United Nations (1985). United Nations Standard Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules). (General Assembly resolution 40/33, annex, of 29 November 1985).
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (no date). Committee on the Rights of the Child. Website.
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (2017). Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Report of the Secretary-General E/2017/66.
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (1997). United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (2017).Guidelines for Action on Children in the Criminal Justice System (Economic and Social Council resolution 1997/30, annex, of 21 July 1997).
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (2005). Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (Economic and Social Council resolution 2005/20, annex, of 20 July 2005).
United Nations General Assembly (1959). Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Proclaimed by the General Assembly, resolution 1386 (XIV), A/RES/14/1386, 20 November 1959.
United Nations Human Rights Committee (2012). Joint report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children on prevention of and responses to violence against children (Human Rights Council, 21^st session, 27 June 2012, A/HRC/21/25)
United Nations Human Rights Council (2013). Access to justice for children: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/25/35.
UNODC (2019). Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Child Victims of Recruitment and Exploitation by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: A Training Manual. United Nations: Vienna.
UNODC (2017). Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System. Vienna.
UNODC (2015). Doha Declaration on integrating crime prevention and criminal justice into the wider United Nations agenda to address social and economic challenges and to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels, and public participation. 13^th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 12-19 April 2015.
UNODC (2009). Guide to implementing family skills training programmes for drug abuse prevention. UNODC, New York.
UNODC and UNICEF (2009). Handbook for Professionals and Policymakers on Justice in matters involving child victims and witnesses of crime. United Nations: New York.
Walsh, Tamara (2011). Homelessness and the Law. Leichardt: Federation Press.
Walsh, Tamara (2017). “Public Nuisance, race and gender.” Griffith Law Review. Vol. 26. No. 3. 334-354.
Weber, Josh, Umpierre, Michael, and Bilchick, Shay (2019). Transforming Juvenile Justice Systems to Improve Public Safety and Youth Outcomes. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center for Juvenile Justice Reform.
Wetboek van Strafrecht (Penal Code of the Netherlands).
Women’s Initiative for Gender Justice (2010). Gender Report Card 2010 on the International Criminal Court.

Next: Exercises

Back to top