• E4J University Module Series: Cybercrime

• Module 3: Legal Frameworks and Human Rights

• Introduction and learning outcomes

• Key issues

• • The role of cybercrime law
  • Harmonization of laws
  • International and regional instruments
  • International human rights and cybercrime law
  • Conclusion
  • References

• Exercises

• Possible class structure

• Core reading

• Advanced reading

• Student assessment

• Additional teaching tools

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• First published in February 2019.
  

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  This module is a resource for lecturers  

 

References

 

Publications

• Article 19. (2015). Tanzania: Cybercrime Act 2015 .
• Baisley, Elizabeth. (2014). Genocide and Constructions of Hutu and Tutsi in Radio Propaganda. Race & Class, Vol. 55(3), 38-59.
• Baynes, Chris. (2018). United Nations blames Facebook for spreading hatred of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. The Independent, March 15, 2018.
• Bhavnani, Ravi. (2006). Ethnic Norms and Interethnic Violence: Accounting for Mass Participation in the Rwandan Genocide. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 43(6), 651-659.
• Boas, Gideon, James L. Bischoff, Natalie L. Reid, and B. Don Taylor III. (2011). International Criminal Procedure, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press.
• Brenner, Susan W. and Bert-Jaap Koops. (2004). Approaches to cybercrime jurisdiction. Journal of High Technology Law, Vol.4(1), 1-46.
• Dubber, Markus. (2011). The American Law Institute's Model Penal Code and European Criminal Law. In André Klip (Ed.), Substantive Criminal Law of the European Union. Maklu.
• Fletcher, George P. (2000) Rethinking Criminal Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
• Freedom House (2017). Freedom of the Net 2017: India Profile .
• Gourevitch, Philip. (1998). We Want To Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• LaFave, Wayne R., Jerold H. Israel, Nancy J. King, and Orin S. Kerr. (2015). Criminal Procedure, 4th edition. Thomson Reuters.
• Maras, Marie-Helen. (2014). Computer Forensics: Cybercriminals, Laws and Evidence, Second edition. Jones and Bartlett.
• Maras, Marie-Helen. (2016). Cybercriminology. Oxford University Press.
• Maras, Marie-Helen. Cyberlaw and Cyberliberties. Oxford University Press, forthcoming, 2020.
• Miles, Tom. (2018). U.N. investigators cite Facebook role in Myanmar crisis. Reuters, March 12, 2018.
• Odhiambo, Sharon Anyango. (2017). Internet shutdowns during elections. Africa Up Close, Wilson Center.
• Ohlin, Jens David. (2013). Targeting and the Concept of Intent. Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 35, 79-130.
• Rahman, Rizal. (2012). Legal jurisdiction over malware-related crimes: From theories of jurisdiction to solid practical application. Computer Law & Security Review 28 (2012) 403-415.
• Sandle, Tim. (2016). UN thinks Internet access is a human right. Business Insider, 22 July 2016.
• Simons, Kenneth, W. (2003). Should the Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended? Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 1, 179-205.
• United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. (2003). Three Media Leaders convicted for Genocide .
• UNODC. (2013). Draft Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime .
• UNODC. SHERLOC: Cybercrime Repository.
• Voorhoof, Dirk. (2017). European Court of Human Rights: Fouad Belkacem v. Belgium . IRIS 2017-9:1/1.
• Wall, David S. (2007). Cybercrime: The Transformation of Crime in the Information Age. Polity Press (2nd edition, forthcoming 2020)

 

Cases

• Ahmet Yildirim v. Turkey, ECHR (App. no. 3111/10), 18 December 2012. 
• Akdeniz v. Turkey, ECHR (App no. 25165/94), 31 May 2005.
• Belkacem v. Belgium, ECHR (App. no. 34367/14), 20 July 2017.
• Cengiz and Others v. Turkey, ECHR (Apps nos. 48226/10 and 14027/11), 1 December 2015.
• Garaudy v. France, ECHR (App no. 23131/03), 24 June 2003.
• K.U. v. Finland, ECHR (App no. 2872/02), 2 December 2008.
• M.C. v. Bulgaria, ECHR (App no. 39272/98), 4 December 2003.
• Mouvement raelien Suisse v. Switzerland, ECHR (App no. 16354/06), 2011.
• Neij and Sunde Kolmisoppi v. Sweden, ECHR (App no. 40397/12), 19 February 2013.
• Norwood v. the United Kingdom, ECHR (App no. 23131/03), 16 November 2004.
• Perrin v. United Kingdom, ECHR (App no. 5446/03), 18 October 2005. 
• The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, Hassan Ngeze (Judgment and Sentence), ICTR-99-52-T, 3 December 2003.
• UPC Telekabel Wien GmbH v. Constantin Film Verleih GmbH and Wega Filmproduktionsgesellschaft mbH, CJEU (C-314/12), 27 March 2014.

 

International and regional legislation

• African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights of 1981.
• African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection of 2014.
• African Union Draft Convention on the Establishment of a Legal Framework Conductive to Cybersecurity in Africa of 2012.
• American Convention on Human Rights of 1969.
• Arab League. Convention on Combating Information Technology Offences of 2010.
• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 2000.
• Commonwealth of Independent States' Agreement on Cooperation in Combating Offences related to Computer Information of 2001.
• Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime of 2001.
• ECOWAS Convention on Extradition.
• ECOWAS Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters.
• ECOWAS Directive on Fighting Cybercrime (2011).
• European Convention on Human Rights of 1950.
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966.
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966.
• SADC Model Law on Computer Crime and Cybercrime of 2012.
• SADC Protocol on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters.
• SADC Protocol on Extradition.
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization's Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Information Security of 2010.
• United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families of 1990.
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child of 1989.
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
• United Nations Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of States and the Protection of Their Independence and Sovereignty.
• United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 1963.
• United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People of 1970.
• United Nations General Assembly Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979.
• United Nations Human Rights Council (A/HRC/20/L.13).            
• United Nations Human Rights Council (A/HRC/32/L.20).
• United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 1966.
• United Nations Refugee Convention of 1951.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention against Discrimination in Education of 1960.
• Universal Declaration on Human Rights of 1948.

 

National legislation

• Australia. Cybercrime Act of 2001 (No. 161, 2001).
• China. Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. 2012 Amendment.
• Greece. The Constitution of Greece.
• Iraq. Civil Code No. 40 of 1951.
• Iraq. Penal Code No. 111 of 1969.
• Jamaica. Cybercrimes Act of 2015.
• Mauritius. Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act of 2003.
• Nigeria. Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc) Act of 2015.
• Qatar. Law No. 14 of 2014 Promulgating the Cybercrime Prevention Law.
• Senegal. Law No. 2008-11 on Cybercrime.
• Tanzania. Cybercrimes Act of 2015.
• Turkey. Internet Law 5651.
• Turkey. Law 5816.
• United Kingdom. Computer Misuse Act 1990.
• United Kingdom. Racial and Religious Hatred Act of 2006.
• United States. Stored Communications Act of 1986.
• United States. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986.
• United States. Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986.
• United States. Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994.

 

Next: Exercises

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