Published in May 2018

Regional Perspective: Pacific Islands Region - added in November 2019

Regional Perspective: Eastern and Southern Africa - added in April 2020

 

 
  This module is a resource for lecturers  

 

References

 
  • Aylesworth, George N. (1991). Forfeiture of Real Property: An Overview. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance.
  • Albanese, Jay S. (1984). Concern about Variation in Criminal Sentences: A Cyclical History of Reform. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 75, 260-271.
  • Bartels, Lorana. (2010). A Review of Confiscation Schemes in Australia . Australian Institute of Criminology.
  • Baumer, Eric P. (2008). Evaluating the Balance Sheet of Asset Forfeiture Laws: Toward Evidence-Based Policy Assessments. Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 7, 245-255.
  • Coyle, Andrew, Helen Fair, Jessica Jacobson ‎and Roy Walmsley. (2016). Imprisonment Worldwide: The Current Situation and an Alternative Future. Policy Press.
  • Epperson, Matthew and Carrie Pettus-Davis. (2017). Smart Decarceration: Achieving Criminal Justice Transformation in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press.
  • Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture. (1990). Federal Forfeiture of the Instruments and Proceeds of Crime: The Program in a Nutshell. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Financial Action Task Force. (2013). The Use of FATF Recommendations to Combat Corruption. FATF/OECD.
  • Financial Action Task Force. (2017). Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risks . FATF
  • Frase, Richard S. (2013). Just Sentencing: Principles and Procedures for a Workable System. Oxford University Press.
  • Friedler, Elizabeth. (2013). Protecting the Innocent: The Need to Adapt Federal Asset Forfeiture Laws to Protect The Interests of Third Parties in Digital Asset Seizures. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 42, 283-315.
  • Geis, Gilbert. (2008). Asset Forfeiture and Policing. Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 7, 215-218.
  • Gibson, David T. (2012). Spreading the Wealth: Is Asset Forfeiture the Key to Enticing Local Agencies to Enforce Federal Drug Laws? Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, vol. 39, 569-91.
  • Goldsmith, Michael and William Lenck. (1990). Protection of Third-Party Rights Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance.
  • Gordon, Robert M. (2000). Criminal Business Organizations, Street Gangs and "Wanna-Be" Groups: A Vancouver Perspective. Canadian Journal of Criminology, vol. 42, 39-60.
  • Heard, Catherine (2016). Alternatives to imprisonment in Europe: A handbook of good practice. European Prison Observatory. Antigone Edizioni. 
  • Kleemans, Edward R. and Christianne J. de Poot. (2008). Criminal Careers in Organized Crime and Social Opportunity Structure. European Journal of Criminology, vol. 5, 69-98.
  • McCaw, Catherine E. (2011). Asset Forfeiture as a Form of Punishment: A Case for Integrating Asset Forfeiture into Criminal Sentencing. American Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 38, 181-220.
  • Ramaswamy, Jaikumar. (2013). Overview of Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Program. United States Attorneys' Bulletin, vol. 61, September.
  • Reiss, Albert J. (1988). Co-Offending and Criminal Careers. In M. Tonry and N. Morris, Eds. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 10. University of Chicago Press.
  • Skolnick, Jerome H. (2008). Policing Should Not be for Profit," Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 7, 257-261.
  • Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - StAR (UNODC/the World Bank). (2007). Challenges, Opportunities, and Action Plan. Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.
  • Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - StAR (UNODC/the World Bank). (2009). A Good Practice Guide for Non-conviction-based Asset Forfeiture. Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.
  • Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - StAR (UNODC/the World Bank). (2011). Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action. Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.
  • United Nations General Assembly (1989). Second Option Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989.
  • United Nations General Assembly (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child . Entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007). Handbook of basic principles and promising practices on Alternatives to Imprisonment. Vienna: UNODC. 
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). Anti-human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners . Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2010). Drug control, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: A Human Rights Perspective . March 23. E/CN.7/2010/CRP.6*-E/CN.15/2010/CRP.1*
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2012). Manual on International Cooperation for the Purposes of Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime . Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2012). UNODC and the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights . Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2015). United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners ("the Nelson Mandela Rules"). Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2015). Assessing compliance with the Nelson Mandela Rules. A checklist for internal inspection mechanisms . Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2016). Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice . Vienna: UNODC.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Effective management and disposal of seized and confiscated assets . Vienna: UNODC.
  • U.S. Comptroller General. (1996). Historical Perspective on Asset Forfeiture Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.
  • U.S. Department of Justice. (2015). International Sports Gambling Ring Leaders Sentenced for Racketeering. Washington, D.C: Office of Public Affairs. August 7.
  • Vere van Koppen, M., Christianne J. de Poot, Edward R. Kleemans, Paul Nieuwbeerta. (2010). Criminal Trajectories in Organized Crime. The British Journal of Criminology, vol. 50, 102-123.
  • von Hirsch, Andrew and Andrew Ashworth. (2005). Proportionate Sentencing: Exploring the Principles. Oxford University Press.
  • Worrall, John L., and Tomislav V. Kovandzic. (2008). Is Policing for Profit? Answers from Asset Forfeiture. Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 7, 219-244.
 

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