• E4J University Module Series: Organized Crime

• Module 8: Law Enforcement Tools and Cooperation

• Introduction and learning outcomes

• Key issues

• Jurisdiction
• Investigators of organized crime
• Controlled delivery
• Physical and electronic surveillance
• Undercover operations
• Financial analysis
• Use of informants
• Rights of victims and witnesses in investigations
• Summary
• References

• Exercises

• Case studies and exercises
• Thinking critically through fiction
• Excerpts of legislation

• Possible class structure

• Core reading

• Advanced reading

• Student assessment

• Review and assessment questions
• Quiz 8
• Research and independent study questions

• Additional teaching tools

 

Published in May 2018

Regional Perspective: Pacific Islands Region - added in November 2019

Regional Perspective: Eastern and Southern Africa - added in April 2020

 

 

  This module is a resource for lecturers  

 

References

 

• Albanese, Jay S. (2014). Organized crime in our times. Routledge, 6^th edition.  
• Bassiouni, M. Cherif (2008). International Criminal Law, 3rd ed. Vol. II Multilateral and Bilateral Enforcement Mechanisms. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
• Bassiouni, M Cherif (2001). Universal Jurisdiction for International Crimes: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Practice. Virginia Journal of International Law, vol. 42, 81.
• Brown, Michael F. (1985). Criminal Informants. Journal of Police Science and Administration, vol. 13, 251-256.
• Calder, James D. (1992). Al Capone and the Internal Revenue Service: State-Sanctioned Criminology of Organized Crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, vol. 17, 1-23.
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (2011). Controlled Deliveries: a Tool for Reaching the Big Players in Illegal Wildlife Trafficking.  
• Cowan, Rick and Douglas Century. (2003). Takedown: The Fall of the Last Mafia Empire. Berkeley.
• Feuer, Alan (2001). A Mafia Informer Helps Investigators Charge 45. The New York Times, April 26.
• Garcia, Joaquin and Michael Levin (2009). Making Jack Falcone: An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. Pocket Books.
• Horn, Kimberly A. (2002). Privacy versus Protection: Exploring the Boundaries of Electronic Surveillance in the Internet Age. Fordham Urban Law Journal, vol. 29, 2233.
• Humphreys, Adrian (2013). 'No honour among thieves anymore': Modern gangsters break most basic rule of organized crime - don't be a rat. National Post (Canada), August 2.
• Innes, Martin, Nigel Fielding, and Nina Cope (2005). 'The Appliance of Science?' The Theory and Practice of Crime Intelligence Analysis. British Journal of Criminology, vol. 45, 39-57.
• Iorizzo, Luciano J. (2003). Al Capone: A biography. Greenwood Biographies. Greenwood Press: Connecticut-London. 
• Kowalczyk, Devin and Matthew J. Sharps (2017). Consequences of Undercover Operations in Law Enforcement: a Review of Challenges and Best Practices. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, vol. 32, 197-202.
• Love, Kevin G.; Vinson, John; Tolsma, James; Kaufmann, Gary (2008). Symptoms of Undercover Police Officers: A Comparison of Officers Currently, Formerly, and Without Undercover Experience. International Journal of Stress Management, vol. 15, 136-152.
• Manning, George A. (2011). Financial Investigation and Forensic Accounting, 3rd. ed. CRC Press.
• Marx, Gary T. (1982). Who Really Gets Stung? Some Issues Raised by the New Police Undercover Work. Crime & Delinquency, vol. 28, 165-193.
• McShane, Larry (1994). Many in Mob Singing Like Canaries Lately. The Buffalo News, April 6, 3.
• Miller, George I. (1987). Observations on Police Undercover Work. Criminology, vol. 25, 27-46.
• Obokata, Tomoya (2017). The Value of International Law in Combating Transnational Organized Crime in the Asia-Pacific. Asian Journal of International Law, vol. 7, 39-60.
• Obokata, Tomoya (2016). Transnational Organised Crime: A Comparative Analysis. Routledge.
• Peterson, Marilyn B. (1994). Intelligence and Analysis within the Organized Crime Function. In R.J. Kelly, K. Chin, and R. Schatzberg, eds., Handbook of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994, pp. 359-387.
• Pistone, Joseph D. (1989). Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia. Signet.
• Roderman, Wendy (2013). Is Someone Recording This? It's Harder to Find Out. The New York Times, April 7.
• Schmidt, Michael S. (2009). Report Highlights Special Risk of Undercover Police Work. The New York Times, December 1, 27.
• Schreiber, Amanda J. (2001). Dealing with the Devil: An Examination of the FBI's Troubled Relationship with Its Confidential Informants. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, vol. 34, 368.
• Simons, Michael A. (2003). Retribution for Rats: Cooperation, Punishment, and Atonement. Vanderbilt Law Review, vol. 56, 1.
• Solove, Daniel J. (2003). Reconstructing Electronic Surveillance Law. George Washington University Law Review, vol. 72, 1264-95.
• Stevens, Gina Marie and Charles Doyle (2009). Privacy: An Overview of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
• United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Twenty-fifth session (2016). Outcome of the Expert Group Meeting on Transnational Organised Crime at Sea. Vienna, Austria.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2004). Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2006). Crime Investigation: Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2008). Good Practices for the Protection of Witnesses in Criminal Proceedings Involving Organized Crime. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009). Current Practices in Electronic Surveillance in the Investigation of Serious and Organized Crime. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2010). Criminal Intelligence Manual for Front-line Law Enforcement. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2011). Report on Controlled Deliveries Legal and Operational Gaps and Challenges.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2011). Criminal Intelligence Manual for Analysts. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2012). Digest of Organized Crime Cases. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013). Good Practices in Special Investigative Techniques. Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Working Group on the Smuggling of Migrant. November 11-13. CTOC/COP/WG.7/2013/2.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2016). Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: Needs Assessment Tools. Vienna: UNODC.
• U.S. Department of Treasury. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Combating Transnational Organized Crime (accessed 27 May 2020).
• Wansley, Larry with Carlton Stowers (1989). FBI Undercover. New York: Pocket.
• Werner, Ariel C. (2014). What's in a Name? Challenging the Citizen-Informant Doctrine. New York University Law Review, vol. 89, 2336-2380.

 

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