• E4J University Module Series: Firearms

• Module 1: Introduction to Firearms, their Availability, Illicit Trafficking and Criminal Use

• Introduction and learning outcomes

• Key issues

  • Framing the issue of firearms and the consequences of their illicit trafficking and use
  • Direct impact of firearms
  • Indirect impacts of firearms on states or communities
  • International and national responses and approaches to addressing the problem of illicit trafficking and access of firearms
  • References

• Exercises

• Possible class structure

• Core reading

• Advanced reading

• Student assessment

• Additional teaching tools

• First published in October 2019

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  This module is a resource for lecturers  

 

References

 

• Bajekal, Naina and Vivienne Walt (2015). ' How Europe's Terrorists Get Their Guns '. Time, December 7 ^th, 2015.
• Batchelor, Peter and Keith Krause (eds) (2003). The Small Arms Survey 2003: Development denied. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Berman, Eric (2011). Craft Production of Small Arms , Research Notes, Number 3, March 2011. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Bergen, E. and P. Fisher (2003). ' Stress, Burnout and Trauma in Health Care. When Working Hurts '. Nursing BC, December 2003, Vol. 35, Number 5, 12-15.
• Bevan, James (2008). Arsenals Adrift. Arms and Ammunition Diversion . Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Bevan, James (2013). Military Assault Rifles . Research Notes, Number 25, January 2013. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Bowen, Erica and Helen Poole (eds) (2016 ). Examination of Firearms and Forensics in Europe and Across Territories : EFFECT Project. Coventry: Coventry University.
• Brettschneider, Corey (2018). ' Why the real defenders of the second amendment oppose the NRA '. The Guardian, March 17 ^th, 2018.
• CBC News (2015). Paris attack had 35 surgical teams at 10 hospitals working to save lives . November 24 ^th, 2015.
• Collins, Julie and Emily Swoveland (2014). The Impact of Gun Violence on Children, Families and Communities . Vol. 23, Number 1, Washington: CWLA.
• Dawson-Faber, Jenna (2014). Global Study on Homicide 2013. Presentation. Vienna: UNODC.
• Duquet, Nils (ed) (2018). Triggering Terror: Illicit Gun Markets and Firearms Acquisition of Terrorist Networks in Europe . Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute.
• Duquet, Nils and Kevin Goris (2018). Firearms acquisition by terrorists in Europe: Research findings and policy recommendations of Project SAFTE . Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute.
• Duquet, Nils, Nino Kbiltsetskhlashvili, Isthiaq Khan and Eric Woods (2019). Armed to Kill: A comprehensive analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe between 2009 and 2018. Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute.
• ENACT (2017). Illicit arms and organised crime threaten Africa's development . Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
• Erickson, Amanda (2018). ' How the NRA has shaped the world's gun laws '. The Washington Post, March 14 ^th, 2018.
• European Union (2012). Regulation (EU) No 258/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012. March 30 ^th, 2012, Official Journal of the European Union.
• Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006). Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development . June 7 ^th, 2006, Geneva: Geneva Declaration.
• Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2015). Global Burden of Armed Violence 2015 : Every Body Counts. Geneva: Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.
• Grzybowski, Janis, Nicholas Marsh and Matt Schroeder (2012). 'Piece by Piece Authorized Transfers of Parts and Accessories '. In Glenn MacDonald (ed) Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets, 240-281, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Hays, G. and Nic Jenzen-Jones (2018). Beyond State Control. Improvised and Craft-produced Small Arms and Light Weapons , Geneva; Small Arms Survey.
• Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi (2018). Trade Update 2017: Out of the shadows . Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Laurance, Edward and Sarah Meek (1996). The New Field of Micro-Disarmament: Addressing the Proliferation and Buildup of Small Arms and Light Weapons . Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion.
• Karp, Aaron (2007). ' Completing the Count, Civilian Firearms '. In Small Arms Survey (ed) Guns and the City, Chapter 2, 39-71, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Karp, Aaron (2018a). Estimating Global Civilian Owned Firearms Numbers. Briefing Paper, June 2018, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Karp, Aaron (2018b). Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers. Briefing Paper, June 2018, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Karp, Aaron (2018c). Estimating Global Military Owned Firearms Numbers. Briefing Paper, June 2018, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Kim, Soo (2015). ' Tunisia sees a million fewer tourists following terror attacks ' . The Telegraph, September 22 ^nd, 2015.
• McCollister, Kathryn, Michael French and Hai Fang (2010). The Cost of Crime to Society: New Crime-Specific Estimates for Policy and Program Evaluation. Bethesda, MD: PubMedR Central.
• McEvoy, Claire and Gergely Hideg (2017). Global Violent Deaths 2017: Time to decide.Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Nuwer, Rachel (2018). 'Gun Terrorism is the Deadliest Kind '. Scientific American, January 1 ^st, 2018.
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2016). Human rights and the regulation of civilian acquisition, possession and use of firearms , Human Rights Council Resolution 29/10, Geneva: OHCHR.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). Armed Violence Reduction: Enabling Development. Paris: OECD.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2011). Breaking Cycles of Violence: Key Issues in Armed Violence Reduction . Paris: OECD.
• Parker, Sarah (2011). Small Arms Survey 2011, States of Security. Chapter 9 Balancing Act: Regulations of Civilian Firearm Possession. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
• Parker, Sarah and Marcus Wilson (2016). A Guide to the UN Small Arms Process. 2016 Update . Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Provost, Claire (2017). ' The industry of inequality: why the world is obsessed with private security '. The Guardian, May 12 ^th, 2017.
• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (nd). SIPRI Arms industry database. Stockholm: SIPRI.
• Small Arms Survey (nd). 'Weapons and Markets '. In Small Arms Survey Definitions of Small Arms and Light Weapons. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Small Arms Survey (2001). ' A Thriving Trade: Global Legal Small Arms Transfers '. In Small Arms Survey (ed) Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem, Chapter 4, 141-163, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Small Arms Survey (2003). 'Obstructing Development: The Effects of Small Arms on Human Development '. In Small Arms Survey (ed) Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied, Chapter 4, 125-167, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
• Southall, David and Bernadette O 'Hare (2002). ' Empty Arms: the effect of the arms trade on mothers and children '. British Medical Journal, December 21 ^st, 2002, 1457-1461.
• Sputnik News (2015). ' Daesh Gun Cabinet: top six weapons used by terrorist group '. Sputnik News, December 14 ^th, 2015.
• Squires, Peter (2014). Gun Crime in Global Contexts .London: Routledge.
• Tessler, Robert (2017). ' Use of Firearms in Terrorist Attacks: Differences Between the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand ' . Jama Network, October 6 ^th, 2017.
• The World Bank (2011). World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development . Washington DC: The World Bank.
• United Nations (2001). Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects . New York: United Nations.
• United Nations (2014). Arms Trade Treaty . New York: United Nations.
• United Nations (2019). Sustainable Development Goal 16. New York: United Nations.
• United Nations General Assembly (1997). General and Complete Disarmament: Small Arms UN General Assembly A/52/298 . New York: United Nations.
• United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs (2013). The Impact of Poorly Regulated Arms Transfers on the Work of the United Nations, UNODA Occasional Papers, Number 23, March 2013, New York: UNODA.
• United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs (2018). Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) . New York: UNODA.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2000). United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2001). Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. United Nations . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2005). International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2012). Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (New York, 31 May 2001): Ratification Kit . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013). Global Study on Homicide: Executive Summary . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2014a). Introductory Handbook on State Regulation concerning Civilian Private Security Services and their Contribution to Crime Prevention and Community Safety . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2014b). Model Law against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition (2 ^nd revised edition) . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015a). UNODC Study on Firearms 2015 . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015b). Country Fact Sheets 2015: Summary Data from Country Responses on Firearms Seizures and Trafficking . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2016). Comparative Analysis of Global Instruments on Firearms and other Conventional Arms: Synergies for Implementation. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2017). Countering Illicit Arms Trafficking and its Links to Terrorism and Other Serious Crime. UNODC's Global Firearms Programme , Preventing Terrorists from Acquiring Weapons, Briefing to Member States organized by CTED May 17, 2017, UNHQ, New York. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2018). GLOBAL STUDY ON HOMICIDE Gender-related killing of women and girls. Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2019a). Global Firearms Programme . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2019b). The Legal Framework . Vienna: UNODC.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2019c). Beyond the Gun. Comprehensive training manual on investigating and prosecuting the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms (unpublished). Vienna: UNODC.
• World Health Organization (2016). Attack on Health Care: Report on attacks on health care in emergencies . Geneva: WHO.
• Walker, Andrew (2015). Paris Attacks: assessing the economic impact . London: BBC News, December 2 ^nd, 2015.

 

Next: Exercises

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