Developed under UNODC's Education for Justice (E4J) initiative, a component of the Global Programme for the Implementation of the Doha Declaration, this Module forms part of the E4J University Module Series on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and is accompanied by a Teaching Guide. The full range of E4J materials includes university modules on integrity and ethics, anti-corruption, organized crime, trafficking in persons / smuggling of migrants, firearms, cybercrime, wildlife, forest and fisheries crime, counter-terrorism as well as crime prevention and criminal justice.

All E4J university modules provide suggestions for in-class exercises, student assessments, slides, and other teaching tools that lecturers can adapt to their contexts, and integrate into existing university courses and programmes. The Module provides an outline for a three-hour class, but can be used for shorter or longer sessions.

All E4J university modules engage with existing academic research and debates, and may contain information, opinions and statements from a variety of sources, including press reports and independent experts. Links to external resources were tested at the time of publication. However, as third-party websites may change, please contact us if you come across a broken link or are redirected to inappropriate content. Please also inform us if you notice that a publication is linked to an unofficial version or website.

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