18 August 2015 - In 2014, coca bush cultivation declined 11 per cent in Bolivia compared to the previous year, according to the latest
Coca Crop Monitoring Survey launched today in La Paz by UNODC and the country's Government. In this period the surface under cultivation declined from 23,000 hectares (ha) to 20,400 ha. The surface under coca cultivation in 2014 is the lowest since UNODC began its monitoring survey in 2003.
At the Survey's launch, UNODC Representative in Bolivia, Antonino De Leo, praised the Bolivian Government's efforts for the continued reduction of the coca crop area during the last four years. Mr. De Leo highlighted that, between 2010 and 2014, "the surface under coca cultivation declined by 10,600 ha, which represents a reduction of more than a third."
Through the use of satellite imaging and field monitoring, reductions in the two main areas of cultivation were detected. The regions of Los Yungas de La Paz and Trópico de Cochabamba together constitute 99 per cent of the areas under coca cultivation in the country. Between 2013 and 2014, these two areas reduced their surface under coca cultivation by 10 per cent and 14 per cent respectively, from 15,700 to 14,200 ha and from 7,100 to 6,100 ha. In the Norte de La Paz provinces the cultivation area decreased from 230 to 130 ha.
There are 22 protected areas in Bolivia - accounting for 16 per cent of the country's surface - where coca crops are forbidden by Bolivian law. In 2014, there were 214 ha of coca crops detected within six protected areas, of which 59 per cent were in Carrasco National Park.
In February 2013, Bolivia re-acceded to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs with a reservation on coca leaf. This reservation allows the chewing, consumption and use of the coca leaf in its natural state for cultural and medicinal purposes, as well as its growth, trade and possession to the extent necessary for these licit purposes. The current national legislation, which dates back to 1988, states that the area under coca cultivation must not exceed 12,000 ha. In the last years, the Bolivian government delineated the zones where coca crops are allowed within the three coca cultivation areas of the country: the Yungas de La Paz, Trópico de Cochabamba and Norte de La Paz provinces.
The reduction of the surface under coca cultivation in 2014 is mainly explained by the Government's efforts to reduce the surplus of coca crops in permitted areas - known as ´rationalization´ - and to eradicate coca crops in prohibited areas. A dialogue-based process led by the Government saw the participation of coca growing unions in the implementation of the national strategy to reduce the surplus of coca crops in permitted areas. Another important factor has been the abandonment of old coca fields in the Yungas de La Paz province, due to the drastic reduction of their coca crop yields.
Between 2013 and 2014, the area eradicated declined by two per cent at the national level, from 11,407 to 11,144 ha. Meanwhile at the provincial level, some 7,400 ha were eradicated in the region of Trópico de Cochabamba, around 3,200 ha in the Yungas de La Paz and Norte de La Paz provinces, and 526 ha in the Santa Cruz and Beni regions.
The potential coca leaf production in the country was estimated to be 33,100 tons in 2014. Between 2013 and 2014, the total value of the coca leaf production declined from $294 million to $282 million. The total value of coca leaf production in 2014 represented 0.9 per cent of Bolivia's overall gross domestic product (GDP) and 8.8 per cent of its agricultural sector GDP.
The amount of coca leaf traded in the two authorized markets - Villa Fátima and Sacaba - was around 19,800 tons in 2014, equivalent to 60 per cent of the total production of coca leaf. 93 per cent of the legally traded coca leaf was marketed in Villa Fátima, and the other seven per cent in Sacaba. The average weighted price of coca leaf in these authorized markets increased six per cent, from $7.8/kg in 2013 to $8.3/kg in 2014.
Compared to 2013, seizures of coca leaf were up by 22 per cent, from 476 tons to 582 tons; seizures of cocaine base decreased 11 per cent, from around 20 tons to 18 tons; while those of cocaine hydrochloride increased 158 per cent, from around 1.5 to 4.1 tons. Between 2013 and 2014, the number of cocaine paste factories destroyed decreased 11 per cent, from 5,930 to 5,306; the number of cocaine hydrochloride laboratories increased 10 per cent, from 67 to 74;and the chemical precursors recycling facilities rose 16 per cent, from 50 to 58.
Speaking to the press, Mr. De Leo highlighted the country's policy of dialogue, participation of coca growing unions and respect for human rights. Additionally, he reminded the audience of "the importance of comprehensive, participative and long-term development programmes, as essential elements to ensure a sustained reduction of illicit crops."
2014 Coca Survey in the Plurinational State of Bolivia (in Spanish)
