New Legislation on the Coca Leaf
1. Peru
2. Bolivia
3. Argentina
ERRATUM
Bibliography
Pages: 48 to 55
Creation Date: 1950/01/01
The President of the Military Committee ( Junta Militar) of Government Whereas
The Military Committee (Junta Militar) of Government has adopted the following legislative decree:
The Military Committee (Junta Militar) of Government, Considering:
That Peru is a signatory to international conventions for limiting the consumption of narcotic drugs;
That it is therefore essential to establish provisions to enforce compliance with the said conventions;
That moreover it is the duty of the State, in the interest of human welfare and for compelling national reasons, to consider the problem of coca-leaf chewing in Peru with a view to limiting immediately and, later, eradicating this very general custom in the interests of the native population;
That it is also the duty of the State to protect the national heritage, represented by investments in the cultivation of this valuable plant, the use of which for scientific purposes is of great benefit to humanity;
In the exercise of the powers vested in it
Hereby decrees as follows:
Article 1. The Coca Monopoly is hereby established in the territory of the Republic.
Article 2. The Monopoly shall control the sowing, cultivation, harvesting, distribution, consumption and export of coca. In conformity with the Supreme Decree of 8 June 1948 the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare shall remain responsible for the industrialization of coca for medical purposes.
Article 3. The Ministry of Finance shall, by special decree, designate the areas of the national territory in which the coca leaf may be cultivated; and shall establish the time-limits within which stocks of coca suitable for consumption must be declared, for the purpose of the acquisition of these stocks by the Monopoly at prices to be fixed by the said Ministry.
Article 4. The Tax Collection Department of the Caja de Depósitos y Consignaciones shall be responsible for the administration of the Coca Monopoly.
Article 5. The Ministry of Finance is authorized to make the relevant regulations, which shall cover the following matters: ( a) the establishment of a single price for coca, which shall include all the local and State taxes at present in force; ( b) the apportionment of the revenue obtained from this source among the various bodies which benefit from these taxes; ( c) the preparation of a cadastral survey of the plantations in the producing areas; ( d) the penalties applicable for infringements of this Decree and its regulations; ( e) the estimate of the expenses required for the operation of the Monopoly.
Article 6. The revenue obtained from the operation of the Monopoly shall be employed principally for the building of barracks for the army.
Given at Government House, Lima, 13 June 1949.
Whereas it is necessary to make regulations for the application of Legislative Decree No. 11046 concerning the Coca Monopoly,
Now therefore the President of the Military Committee (Junta Militar) of Government hereby decrees as follows:
The Coca Monopoly established by Legislative Decree No. 11046 shall be governed by the following regulations:
The following shall be the only areas in which the cultivation of coca is authorized in the Republic: In the Department of Apurimac: San Jeronimo and Huascatay. In the Department of Ancash: Cabana. In the Department of Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Tingo, Tocabamba, Izuquia, Colcamar, Ocumal, Ocai, Cogon, La Ramada, San Rafael and San Lucas. In the Department of Ayacucho: Ayna, Huanta, Sillacocha, Vizcatín, Cabildopampa, Cuchicancha, Chungui, Magdalena, Sachapunco, and Sacharacay. In the Department of Cuzco: Calca, Pucartambo, Pumacocha, Tinac, Lirihuyoc, Urubamba, Quillabamba, Chaullay, Ocollopani, Macupicchu and Quelleouna. In the Department of Cajamarca: Bolivar, Cajabamba, Cascas, Celendín, San Marcos. In the Department of Huánuco: La Parroquia, El Valle, Acomayo, Huacrachuco, La Esperanza, Santo Domingo, Monzón, Aguellón, Tazo Grande, Tazo Chico, Chipaquillo, Garita, Maravillas, Panao and Tingo María. In the Department of Junín: Andamarca, Satipo, La Merced, Huancabamba, Oxapampa. In the Department of La Libertad: Pedregal, Otuzco, Huamachuco, Tayabamba, Chiclín. In the Department of Puno: Limbani, Macusani, Amascusani, Patambuco Sandia. In the Department of San Martín: Uchiza.
When circumstances justify it and subject to a report from the Monopoly, the Ministry of Finance may, by resolution, authorize the cultivation of coca in other areas.
Individuals or bodies corporate that engage in the cultivation of or trade in coca must register with and comply with the formalities prescribed by the Monopoly; if they fail to do so they may not lawfully continue their activities. The time-limit for this registration shall be sixty days from the date of this Decree.
The individuals or bodies corporate that engage in the cultivation of coca shall be required to keep books in which shall be entered all particulars relating to the crops, harvest, production and sale, suitably classified; the said books shall be supplied by the Monopoly at cost. New crops may not be sown nor existing ones extended or renewed and unsuccessful plantations may not be destroyed unless notice, supported by a statement of the reasons, is first given to the Monopoly so that the change may be recorded in the registers.
The Monopoly shall in due course prepare a cadastral survey of the plantations in the production areas and shall carry out and lay before the Ministry of Finance the related technical studies so that the said Ministry may appoint the date on which the Monopoly system shall be put into full operation; pending such appointment coca leaf allocated for consumption shall be liable to a single tax of forty centavos per kilogramme, with the exception of that produced in the Department of Cuzco which shall be taxable at the rate of sixty centavos per kilogramme.
The rates prescribed in the preceding article shall be inclusive of all the State and local charges to which coca was hitherto liable in the Republic; the Monopoly shall submit to the Ministry of Finance, for its approval, the system of compensation to be applied to enable the former beneficiaries of the revenue from the local taxes hereby abolished, to continue to receive the income due to them, on the basis of the average tax yield for the years 1947-1948.
The foregoing article, in abolishing the charges therein referred to, shall also operate to abolish the local excise taxes (including the municipal wine tax) instituted by the provisions to which the said article relates, even if such taxes do not expressly apply to coca.
The Monopoly shall take steps to recover from the stocks at present delivered for consumption the amount whereby the revenue collected under the rates prescribed in article 4 of this Decree is lower than the revenue which would have been produced by the said stocks under the system hitherto in force.
The tax shall be deemed to be due as from the time when the coca is ready to be released for consumption; for this purpose the Monopoly shall make periodical inventories of the coca at the producing centres, the owners or carriers being responsible for any discrepancies which are found to exist and for which no satisfactory explanation is given.
Coca may not be transported from production to consumption centres save by public highway and during official working hours; it must in all cases be covered by a certificate of payment, a transfer sheet, a free transit sheet or a certificate of payment of tax, in the form to be prescribed by the Monopoly.
Stocks delivered to warehouses for consumption must be covered by the respective certificates of payment, on which any sales made shall then be noted, these sales in their turn being covered either by a free transit sheet or an invoice, according to whether the amount sold is intended for local purposes or for dispatch elsewhere.
The said warehouses shall keep a ledger in which they shall enter their operations in the form prescribed by the Monopoly.
Establishments engaged in the sale of coca must display at their entrances a special doorplate, to be supplied at cost by the Monopoly, indicating whether they are warehouses or wholesale or retail establishments.
As from the date of this Decree the Monopoly shall alone be authorized to export coca produced in the country, subject to prior approval by the Ministry of Finance. Export contracts concluded by private parties before 31 May 1949 will be recognized and authorized by the Monopoly, provided that the parties concerned, within fifteen days from the date of this Decree, submit to the Monopoly the documents attesting the legality of the transaction.
Any individual or body corporate that contravenes the provisions governing-the operation of the Coca Monopoly shall be liable to the following penalties:
( a) Seizure of all crops grown without the prior permission of the Monopoly;
( b) Seizure of coca transported by non-authorized routes or at night or unaccompanied by the requisite documents;
( c) Seizure of coca found in warehouses or commercial establishments without the certificate of payment of tax or respective sheet;
( d) For transporting the coca without paying the tax due, payment of three times the amount of the tax;
( e) A fine varying from 100 to 5,000 sols according to the sum due and the value of the transaction, in all cases not expressly provided for.
Special magistrates appointed to deal with seizures shall be responsible for the application of the penalties set forth in the preceding article; to the extent to which they are applicable, the provisions of the regulations concerning alcoholic beverages, including those relating to the proportion payable to informers whose information leads to the apprehension of the offender, shall apply.
The Monopoly is empowered to prescribe such control measures as it deems necessary for the better execution of Legislative Decree No. 11046 and of the present Regulations.
Given at Government House, Lima, 2 August 1949.
[ Signature follows]
Whereas by Legislative Decree No. 11046 of 13 June 1949 the Coca Monopoly was instituted in the territory of the Republic, the relevant regulations having been enacted by Supreme Decree of 2 August 1949 issued by the Ministry of Finance and Commerce;
And whereas the export of coca leaf is subject to an international control system which requires the application of a system of official import certificates and export authorizations, to be issued by the competent authorities responsible, in pursuance of the relevant conventions, for issuing the said certificates and authorizations which are recognized by the international bodies;
And whereas the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (Department of Narcotics), in pursuance of the above-mentioned conventions, is the authority responsible for furnishing to the organs of international control diverse statistical information relating to the production, consumption, export, stocks, etc., of coca leaf;
And whereas the Coca Monopoly should co-operate with the said Ministry to ensure that the said statistical information is supplied in the most exact and complete form;
Now therefore the President of the Military Committee (Junta Militar) of Government
Hereby decrees as follows:
The export of coca leaf shall continue to be subject to the system of international control of narcotic drugs; and accordingly coca leaf shall be exported through the Coca Monopoly, subject to official export certificates first had and obtained from the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (Department of Narcotics), which shall issue them on production of the official import certificates issued by the competent authorities of the importing countries.
It is the duty of the Coca Monopoly to supply the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare with detailed reports concerning the cultivation, harvest, production, consumption and stocks of coca leaf.
The head of the Department of Narcotics, in his capacity as the Peruvian representative on the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, is appointed to represent the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare in its dealings with the Tax Collection Department of the Caja de Depósitos y Consignaciones on matters concerning coca and the Coca Monopoly.
Given at Government House, Lima, 25 August 1949.
[ Signatures follow]
PERUVIAN COCA LEAF COMMISSION
SUPREME RESOLUTION NO. 122
Whereas it is desirable to co-ordinate all research undertaken in Peru into the problem of coca, and to establish for that purpose a body of scientists which will also, when the occasion arises, co-operate with the Commission appointed for similar purposes by the United Nations; and
These purposes being approved;
It is hereby resolved as follows:
To appoint a Commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Carlos Monge, having as its members Dr. Fortunato Carranza, Mr. Alberto Leon (engineer), Mr. Juvenal Monge (engineer), Dr. Enrique Encinas, Dr. Alberto Guzmán Barrón, Dr. Humberto Aste, Dr. Manuel Sánchez Palacios and Dr. Jorge Castañeda, which Commission shall be responsible for:
Conducting a general study of the problem of coca in Peru;
Co-operating with the Commission appointed by the United Nations to undertake such studies in countries where the problem exists;
Co-ordinating its activities with those of foreign agencies established for the same purpose.
The Commission may invite opinions from Peruvian or foreign scientists who have studied this problem, and shall be authorized to obtain from the Departments of Public Administration any technical, statistical or other data necessary for the satisfactory performance of its duties.
Lima, 7 September 1949
At a subsequent date (14 December 1949) Mr. Carlos Avalos, Head of the Narcotics Department (Ministry of Public Health), and Mr. Andrés Lindow, Administrator of the Coca Monopoly, were also appointed to the Commission.
Presidency of the Republic
Whereas:
The United Nations Commission of Enquiry into the biological effects of the chewing of the coca leaf is shortly to be set up in Bolivia and will require the co-operation of the Bolivian scientists and persons who have carried out research into this subject; and
Whereas:
The success of the said Commission is of national interest and accordingly the Government should organize a body of collaborators to give guidance and assistance in its work;
Hereby decrees as follows:
Article 1. A National Coca Leaf Commission is hereby set up to co-operate with the United Nations Commission in inquiries into the effects of the chewing of the coca leaf and shall be composed as follows: Chairman of the Commission, Dr. Alfredo Quiroga C., Director of the National Department of Nutrition; Members: Dr. Raimundo Manriquez, Head of the Bromatological Laboratory of the Ministry of Health; Ing. Raúl Pérez Alcalá, representative of the Ministry of Agriculture; Ing. Guillermo Guevara, representative of the Corporación Boliviana de Fomento; Dr. Martín Cárdenas, botanist, Professor of the San Simón University at Cochabamba; and Messrs. Juan Granier Chirveches, Abel Soléz S., José Crespo Gutiérrez, Jorge Cusicanqui and Alfonso Zalles V., Professor of the School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy of the San Andrés University at La Paz.[1]
Article 2. The principal duties of the Commission shall be:
To make a full study of the coca leaf and of the coca-leaf problem in Bolivia.
To co-operate with the Commission appointed by the United Nations.
To co-ordinate agreements with similar bodies in other countries.
For these purposes it may request Bolivian or foreign scientists, who have carried out studies of the coca leaf and its effects, to co-operate and provide information, and may also apply to the fiscal departments for any technical, statistical or other data required for the successful performance of its duties.
Article 3. The expenses incurred in the organization and operation of the said Commission shall be defrayed by the Coca Leaf Customs Administration and shall be charged under the heading of Administrative Expenses for so long as the Commission is exercising its functions.
The Minister for Foreign Affairs and Public Worship, the Minister of Agriculture, the Minister of Stock-breeding and Commerce, the Minister of Hygiene and Public Health and the Minister of Finance and National Economy shall be responsible for giving effect to the present Decree.
[ Signatures follow]
Ministry of Public Health
ORDER NO. 23,134, 25 FEBRUARY 1950
Whereas:
Coca-leaf chewing, a habit which has been established for centuries in our country, still constitutes a problem for the health of the Argentine nation, affecting a large section of the population in the north;
The harmfulness of this habit has been proven, even though some of its effects still remain open to question;
This knowledge, and the experience gained since the former National Health Department intervened in the matter, indicate the advisability of studying the matter further, by carrying out some investigations new to this country;
Although the intervention of the National Ministry of Public Health to date has succeeded in putting an end to the previous absence of control over the trade in this commodity and restricting annual imports of it to a predetermined quantity, the problem can only be solved through an ad hoc body grouping together all the officials required to make an exhaustive study of the matter and assuming the functions of special adviser on the subject;
It would unquestionably be useful to establish such a special commission and entrust it with the functions necessary for co-operation with other national or pro- vincial bodies, in particular the health authorities of the northern provinces of Argentina which are directly affected by the problem of coca-leaf chewing, since subsequent to the promulgation of Legislative Decree, No. 31,208/45, Act 12,912, situations have arisen which have had to be settled according to the circumstances, although not in strict conformity with the spirit of the Act;
Furthermore, Order No. 20,507 of 19 October 1949 issued by this Ministry provides for the consideration of necessary amendments to the current system;
Now therefore, the National Minister for Public Health hereby orders:
Article 1. A Technical Coca Commission is established, for the purposes set forth in the preamble to the present Order.
Article 2. The Technical Coca Commission shall be composed of the following officials of the National Ministry of Public Health: Chairman, the Technical Director of Social Psychopathology; members, the Director of the Health Code and Legislation, the Director of Food, the Director of Pharmacy and the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Chief of the Narcotics Control Section.
Article 3. The Technical Coca Commission shall have the following functions:
To carry out the necessary studies to obtain exhaustive information on the biological and toxicological effects of habitual consumption of the drug;
To promote the reform of current legislation on the traffic in and use of the drug, with a view to elaborating and proposing a plan for the progressive total elimination of coca-leaf chewing;
To agree upon the quantity of coca to be imported into the country annually and its distribution between those importers who were registered as at the date of Order No. 20,507/49 issued by the National Ministry of Public Health.
Article 4. In order to carry out its work the Technical
Coca Commission shall establish contact with such provincial and municipal health authorities as it deems fit, and shall be empowered to deal directly with them and to detail members of the Commission to those parts of the country where coca-leaf chewing is most prevalent; it shall also be empowered to contact other similar national or international commissions and likewise to solicit such special advice as it deems necessary, from any organs of this Ministry.
Article 5. The Technical Coca Commission shall, within ninety days, draw up the draft legislation designed to replace that at present in force.
Article 6. For registration, communication by the Directorate-General of the Ministry, publication in the Daily Bulletin and inclusion in the archives.
In view of the reasons stated by the Director of the Health Code and Legislation, and
Whereas:
The said reasons are legitimate and under the proposed modification acceptable, the National Minister for Public Health in the normal discharge of his functions, hereby decrees:
Article 1. That provision of Order No. 23,134/1950 which establishes that the Director of the Health Code and Legislation shall be a member of the Technical Coca Commission created by the said Order, is hereby cancelled.
Article 2. The Commission referred to in the precedding article is empowered to solicit the services of the Directorate of the Health Code and Legislation, in an advisory capacity, when it deems necessary.
Article 3. For registration: for publication by the Directorate-General of the Ministry in the Daily Bulletin; for communication to those whom it may concern; and thereupon for inclusion in the archives.
[ Signature follows]
In vol. II, no. 3, on page 34, under "Fifth Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs", the last paragraph but two should read: "It should be noted that new legislation relating to the coca leaf was recently introduced in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru and will be reproduced in the next issue of the Bulletin".
NOTE This Bibliography includes the chemical work on the natural components of Cannabis resin which led directly to syntheses of the same or similar compounds; also some work in which a synthetic compound was used as a standard for comparison.
ADAMS, Roger: Marihuana, Science,New York, 1940, 92, pages 115-119.
ADAMS, Roger: Marihuana, Harvey Lecture, 19 February 1942, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1942, 18, pages 705-730. Reprinted, Harvey Lectures, Lancaster, U.S.A., 1941-42, Series 38, pages 168-197.
ADAMS, Roger; PEASE, D. C.; CLARK, J. H.: Isolation of Cannabinol, Cannabidiol and Quebrachitol from Red Oil of Minnesota Wild Hemp, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2194-2196.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.; CAIN, C. K.; CLARK, B. R.; WEARN, R. B.; WOLFF, H.: Conversion of Cannabidiol to a Product with Marihuana Activity. A Type Reaction for Synthesis of Analogous Substances. Conversion of Cannabidiol to Cannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2245-2246.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.; CLARK, J. H.; PEASE, D. C.: Structure of Cannabinol. I. Preparation of an Isomer, 3-Hydroxy-l-n-amyl-6, 6, 9-trimethyl-6-dibenzopyran , The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2197-2200.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.; CAIN, C. K.: Structure of Cannabinol. II. Synthesis of Two New Isomers, 3-Hydroxy-4-namyl and 3-Hydroxy-2- n-amyl 6, 6, 9-Trimethyl-6-dibenzopyrans, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2201-2204.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.; WEARN, R. B.: Structure of Cannabinol. III. Synthesis of Cannabinol, 1-Hydroxy-3-n-amyl-6, 6, 9-trimethyl-6-dibenzopyran, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2204-2207.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.: Structure of Cannabinol. IV. Synthesis of Two Additional Isomers Containing a Resorcinol Residue. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2208-2215.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.: Structure of Cannabinol. V. A Second Method of Synthesis of Cannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, page 2401.
ADAMS, Roger; HUNT, M.; CLARK, J. H.: Structure of cannabidiol, a product isolated from the marihuana extract of Minnesota wild hemp, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 196-200.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; WOLFF, H.: Structure of Cannabidiol. II. Absorption Spectra Compared with those of Various Dihydric Phenols, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 732-734.
ADAMS, Roger; CLARK, J. H.; HUNT, M.; Structure of Cannabidiol. III. Reduction and Cleavage, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 735-737.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; CLARK, J. H.; WOLFF, H.: Structure of Cannabidiol. IV. The Position of the Linkage between the Two Rings, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 1770-1775.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; CLARK, J. H.; WOLFF, H.: Structure of Cannabidiol. V. Position of the Alicyclic Double Bonds, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2215-2219.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; CLARK, J. H.; PEASE, D. C.: Structure of Cannabidiol. VI. Isomerization of Cannabidiol to Tetrahydrocannabinol, a Physiologically Ac- tive Product. Conversion of Cannabidiol to Cannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2402-2405.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, B. R.: Structure of Cannabidiol. VII. A Method of Synthesis of a Tetrahydrocannabinol which possesses Marihuana Activity, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2405-2408.
ADAMS, Roger; BAKER, R. B.; CAIN, C. K.; PEASE, D. C.; LOEWE, S.; WEARN, R. B.; WOLFF, H.: Structure of Cannabidiol. VIII. Position of the Double Bonds in Cannabidiol. Marihuana Activity of Tetrahydrocannabinols, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, pages 2566-2567.
ADAMS, Roger; JELINEK, C.; LOEWE, S.; WOLFF, H.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Homologs with Marihuana Activity. IX, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1941, 63, pages 1971-1973.
ADAMS, Roger; LOEWE, S.; SMITH, C. M.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Homologs and Analogs with Marihuana Activity. X., The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1941, 63, pages 1973-1976.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; LOEWE, S.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Analogs with Marihuana Activity. XI. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1941, 63, pages 1977-1978.
ADAMS, Roger; CAIN, C. K.; McPHEE, W. D.; WEARN, R. B.: Structure of Cannabidiol. XII. Isomerization to Tetrahydrocannabinols, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1941, 63, pages 2209-2213.
ADAMS, Roger; LOEWE, S.; McPHEE, W. D.; SMITH, C. M.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Homologs and Analogs With Marihuaua Activity. XIII. The Journal of the American-Chemical Society, Easton; U.S.A, 1942, 64, pages 694-697.
ADAMS, Roger; LOEWE, S.; SMITH, C. M.: Optically Active Synthetic Tetrahydrocannabinols; d and λ-l-Hydroxy-3- n-amyl-6, 9, 9-trimethyl-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydro-6-dibenzopyrans. XIV. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1942, 64, pages 2087-2089.
ADAMS, Roger; LOEWE, S.; SMITH, C. M.; THEOBALD, C.W.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Analogs with Marihuana Activity. XV. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1942, 64, pages 2653-2657.
ADAMS, Roger; CHEN, K. H.; LOEWE, S.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Homologs with a s-Alkyl Group in the 3-Position. XVI. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1945, 67, pages 1534-1537.
ADAMS, Roger; AYCOCK, F.,- Jr.; LOEWE, S.: Tetrahydrocannabinol Homologs, XVII., The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1948, 70, pages 662-664.
ADAMS, Roger; HARFENIST, Morton; LOEWE, S.: New analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. XIX. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1949, 71, pages 1624-1628.
ADAMS, Roger: Pharmacologically Useful Products from Cannabidiol, British Patent 558,418, January 5, 1944.
ADAMS, Roger: Dibezopyran Derivatives Having Marihuana Activity, British Patent 564,827, October 16, 1944.
ADAMS, Roger: Polyalkylated 5-hydroxy-l, 2-benzopyrans, U.S. Patent 2,354,492, July 25, 1944.
ADAMS, Roger: Tetrahydrodibenzopyrans,U.S. Patent 2,419,934, 6 May 1947.
ADAMS, Roger: Tetrahydrodibenzopyrones and tetrahydrodibenzopyrans, U.S. Patent, 2,419,935, 6 May 1947.
ADAMS, Roger: Tetrahydrocannabinol, U.S. Patent 2,419,936, 6 May 1947.
ADAMS, Roger: Hexahydrocannabinol and Homologs, U.S. Patent 2,419,937, 6 May 1947.
ALDRICH, C. Knight: The Effects of a Synthetic Marihuana-like Compound on Musical Talent as Measured by the Seashore Test, Public Health Reports, Washington, 1944, 59, pages 431-433.
ALLES, Gordon A.; ICKE, Roland, N.; FEIGEN, George A.: Some Analogs of Synthetic Tetrahydrocannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1942, 64, pages 2031-2035.
ALLENTUCK, Samuel; BOWMAN, Karl M.: The Psychiatric Aspects of Marihuana Intoxication, American Journal of Psychiatry, Baltimore, 1942, 99, pages 248,251.
BEMBRY, T. H.; POWELL, G.: Compounds of the Cannabinol Type. I. Synthesis of some Compounds Related to Tetrahydrocannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1941, 63, pages 2766-2768.
BLATT, A. H.: A critical survey of the literature dealing with the chemical constituents of Cannabis sativa, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington, 1938, 28, pages 465-477.
BERGEL, F.; MACDONALD, A. D.; MORRISON, A. L.; RINDERKNECHT, H.; TODD, A. R.; WOOLFE, G.: Cannabis Indica, Part XII., Some Analogues and a Water-Soluble Derivative of Tetrahydrocannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1943, pages 286-287.
BOSE, B. C.; MUCKERJI, B.: The Physiologically Active Fractions of Indian Hemp, Cannabis sativa, Indian Journal of Medical Research, Calcutta, 1945, pages 265-270.
CAHN, R. S.: Cannabis indica resin, Part II. Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1931, pages 630-638.
CAHN, R. S.: Cannabis indica resin, Part III, The Constitution of Cannabinol , Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1932, pages 1342-1353.
CAHN, R. S.: Cannabis indica resin, Part IV, The synthesis of some 2:2 dimethyldibenzopyrous, and confirmation of the structure of cannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1933, pages 1400-1405.
DAVIS, Jean P.; RAMSEY, H. H.: Antiepileptic action of Marihuana-active substances, Federation Proceedings, 1949, 8, pages 284-285.
DUNSTAN, W. R.; HENRY, T. A.: On Oxycannabin from Indian Hemp, Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London, 1898, 14, pages 44-45.
EASTERFIELD, T. H., WOOD, T. B.: The constituents of Indian hemp resin, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge, 1897, 9, pages 144-148.
GHOSH, R.; PASCALL, D. C. S.; TODD, A. R.: Cannabis indica, Part III., The synthesis of dibenzopyran derivatives including an isomer of cannabinol. Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1940, pages 118-121.
GHOSH, R.; TODD, A. R.; WILKINSON, S.: Cannabis indica, Part IV., The Synthesis of some Tetrahydrodibenzopyran Derivatives, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1940, pages 1121-1125.
GHOSH, R.; TODD, A. R.; WILKINSON, S.: Cannabis indica, Part V., Synthesis of cannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1940, pages 1393-1396.
GHOSH, R.; TODD, A R.; WRIGHT, D. C.: Cannabis Indica, Part VI., The Condensation of Pulegone with Alkyl Resorcinals. A New Synthesis of Cannabinol and of a Product with Hashish Activity, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1941, pages 137-140.
HIMMELSBACH, C. K.: Treatment of the Morphine Abstinence Syndrome with a Synthetic Cannabis-like Compound, Southern Medical Journal, Birmingham, 1944, 37, pages 26-29.
JACOB, A.; TODD, A. R.: Cannabidiol and cannabol, constituents of Cannabis indica resin, Nature, London, New York, 1940, 145, page 350.
JACOB, A.; TODD, A. R.: Cannabis indica, Part II, Isolation of cannabidiol from Egyptian hashish. Observations on the structure of cannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1940, pages 649-653.
LEAF, G.; TODD, A. R.; WILKINSON, S.: Cannabis Indica, Part IX. The Isolation of 3’:4': 5':6'-Tetrahydrodibenzopyran Derivatives from Pulegone-Orcinol and Pulegone-Olivetol Condensation Products. Synthesis of d-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1942, pages 185-188.
LEVINE, Joseph: Origin of Cannabinol, The Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1944, 66, pages 1868-1870.
LOEWE, S.: Toxicity of Marihuana-active Principles, Federation Proceedings, Baltimore, 1945, 5, No. 1, pages 127-128.
LOEWE, S.: Bioassay by direct potency estimation, Science, New York, 1947, 106, pages 89-91.
LOEWE, S.: Studies on the Pharmacology and acute toxicity of compounds with marihuana activity, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Baltimore, 1946, 88, pages 154-161.
LOEWE, S.: The Chemical basis of marihuana activity, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Baltimore; 1945,84, pages 78-81.
LOEWE, S.: The Rate of Disappearance of a Marihuana-active Substance from the Circulating Blood, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Baltimore, 1946, 6, pages 294-296.
LOEWE, S.; ADAMS, Roger: Structure activity relationship (SAR) and pharmacological peculiarities of new synthetic congeners of tetrahydrocannabinol, Federation Proceedings, Baltimore, 1947, 6, page 352.
LOEWE, S.; GOODMAN, Louis S.: Anticonvulsant action of marihuana-active substances, Federation Proceedings, Baltimore, 1947, 6, 352.
MAYOR'S COMMITTEE ON MARIHUANA; George B. WALLACE, Chairman: The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York: Sociological, Medical, Psychological, and Pharmacological Studies, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Jacques Cattell Press, 1944.
POWELL, G.; BEMBRY. T. H.: Synthesis of Cannabinol, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1940, 62, page 2568.
POWELL, G.; BEMBRY, T. H.; SALMON, M.; WALTON, L. S.: The active principle of marihuana, Science, New York, 1941, 93, pages 522-523.
ROCHE PRODUCTS LTD. (TODD, A., R., GHOSH, R.): Polynydrobidenzopyran derivatives, British Patent 547669, 7 September 1942.
ROCHE PRODUCTS LTD. (TODD, R.; WILKINSON, S., GHOSH, R.): Tetrahydrodibenzopyran derivatives, British Patent 543363, 23 February 1942.
RUSSELL, P. B.; TODD, A. R.; MACDONALD, A. D.; WILKINSON, S.; WOOLFE, G.: Cannabis Indica, Part VII., The Relation between Chemical Constitution and Hashish Activity, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1941, page 169.
RUSSELL, P. B.; TODD, A. R.; MACDONALD, A. D.; WILKINSON, S.; WOOLFE, G.: Cannabis Indica, Part VIII, Futher Analogues of Tetrahydrocannabinol, Journal of the Chemical Society, London, 1941, pages 826-829.
STOCKINGS, G. T.: A new Euphoriant for Depressive Mental States, British Medical Journal, London, 1947, I., pages 918-922.
TODD, A. R.: Chemistry of the Hemp Drugs, Nature, London, New York, 146, pages 829-830.
TODD, A. R.: The Chemistry of Hashish, The Scientific Journal of the Royal College of Science, London, 1942, 12, pages 37-45.
TODD, A. R.: The Hemp Drugs, Endeavour, London, 1943, 2, pages 69-72.
TODD, A. R.: Hashish, Experientia, Basle, Switzerland, 1946, II/2, pages 55-60.
WILLIAMS, E. G.; HIMMELSBACH, C. K.; LLOYD, Bolivar J., Jr.; RUBLE, Dorothy C.; WIKLER, A.: Studies on marihuana and pyrahexyl compound, Public Health Reports, Washington, 1946, 61, pages 1059-1083.
WOLFF, P. O.: Dolor y Euforia. Adelantos farmacológicos, Ciencia e Investigación, Buenos Ayres, 1948, pages 186-198.
WOLLNER, H. J.; MATCHETT, J. R.; LEVINE, J.; LOEWE, J.: Isolation of a physiologically active tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis sativa resin, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Easton, U.S.A., 1942, 64, pages 26-29.
WOOD, T. B.; SPIVEY, W. T. N.; EASTERFIELD, T. H.: Charas, the Resin of Indian Hemp, Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, 1896, London, 69, pages 539-546.
WOOD, T. B.; SPIVEY, W. T. N.; EASTERFIELD, T. H.: Cannabinol, Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Cambridge, 1898, 14, pages 66-67, 153-154.
WOOD, T. B.; SPIVEY, W. T. N.; EASTERFIELD, T. H.: Cannabinol, Part I., Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, London, 1899, 75, pages 20-36.
WORK, T. S.; BERGEL, F.; TODD, A.: The active principles of Cannabis indica resin. I., Biochemical Journal, London, 1939, 33, pages 123-127.
1The following were appointed subsequently: Dr. Remberto Capriles; D. Luis Solis; Dr. Serapio Mandueño and Dr. Rodolfo López-Kruger.
