Project Hermes: Empowering Western Balkans to Combat Illicit Firearms Trafficking
with Cutting-Edge X-ray Training
March, Tirana, Albania: In response to the challenge of illicit firearms trafficking in the Western Balkans, UNODC, through its Global Firearms Programme, conducted a specialized training course on the use of X-ray technology for detecting firearms, their parts, and ammunition under Project Hermes. The training took place in Tirana, Albania, from 26 to 28 March 2025, bringing together customs and law enforcement officers from across the country.
The primary objective of this three-day training was to enhance the participants' proficiency in accurately identifying and analysing X-ray images to detect concealed firearms and related components. This initiative aligns with UNODC's ongoing efforts to increase the capacities of frontline officers in intercepting illicit arms flows, thereby contributing to regional and global security.
The training curriculum encompassed both theoretical and practical components. On the first day, participants explored the fundamentals of X-ray technology, understanding its functionality and the principles behind image interpretation. The subsequent days were dedicated to hands-on exercises, utilizing UNODC’s comprehensive Training Manual on the Analysis of Firearms X-ray Images. This manual features an extensive collection of over 1,000 images, including various types of firearms such as pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, and emerging threats like firearms with polymer parts. Additionally, the manual addresses the detection of ammunition and manufacturing equipment, providing a holistic approach to identifying illicit firearms-related items. UNODC granted the participants access to its online training resources for a period of one year where they can further train and improve their analytical and detection skills. The training platform simulates the work on the X-ray scanner and useful resources for trainees to practice and for the trainers to monitor and provide feedback on their progress.
The training also included a field visit to Tirana Transit Postal Center, where participants engaged in scanning procedures of incoming postal parcels. This practical exposure allowed trainees to correlate their classroom learning with on-the-ground operational scenarios, reinforcing their detection and analytical skills.
This activity is implemented with financial support provided by Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, and Norway through the Western Balkans SALW Control Roadmap Trust Fund and supported by the European Union.
Project Hermes enhances the capacity of Western Balkan jurisdictions to counter illicit firearms trafficking through express couriers and postal parcels. By strengthening regulatory frameworks, improving operational capabilities, and fostering public-private cooperation, the project promotes compliance with arms import/export regulations in e-commerce. Through strategic partnerships with the Universal Postal Union, WCO, EUROPOL, and EMPACT Firearms, Project Hermes plays an active role in advancing regional security and stability.
