VIENNA, Austria – June 2017: The opioid market is becoming more diversified. This market comprises a combination of internationally controlled substances, particularly heroin, and prescription medicines that are either diverted from the legal market or produced as counterfeit medicines on a large scale. Some of these substances have remarkable pain-relieving properties and are widely used in human therapy; yet some are also liable to abuse and may produce dependence. The pills and powders containing synthetic opioids sold on the illicit market pose a threat to public health due to the variable quantity and potency of their active components, which in extreme cases, such as carfentanil, may be 10,000 times more potent than morphine. Such products can prove particularly dangerous when sold as street heroin or as counterfeit prescription drugs without the user’s knowledge. The emergence of highly toxic substances, as has been the case in the opioid market (e.g. the “fentanyl overdose crisis”), shows the need for increased regulation and monitoring.
Figure 1. Annual number of synthetic opioids reported to UNODC, 2012-2016
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAV0AAAESCAIAAADR5JFZAAAgAElEQVR4nO2ddzzV3x/HT8NoaJdVoaJIUZFVCdc100QZFdLU3kM7lfYeVkOlIVoSktlANhnZQva81r3evz9o0ff77aLr8ns/H+efi/s5rz597vN+zvmcQQBBEORXSEcHQBCE7UAvIAjSnP/wQlVOnM+r9zkV9J9/WJ4V5+3u7u4RnFvV8DezIQjSMfyLFxifXt2cO2k46ans+onW9LOGMq/zW2dIjiCEEMIhpbvJL72SJTkRBGEd/+CFhmo/x6N6c1ZtMNcdzaf1OOGbF2ifz+w/cP62Z3Rs7Fv305OHDKJau9fgTQOCdC3+wQuMwlePn4VkVHx23S0xhPLo+/0C/OyAukvLlARmHypALyBI1+I/+hdibm8Z+4sXfqL20+ppMgY2rxl/JRiCIB1G670QfX+HtIKhV2o1U/XV1dXn5uXnfS3Iy8eCBUtHlK8FX/ML6XT6v3xOW+mFnPfOVJV5J16nMSUFAIiOjpGRlZeVU5gqp4gFCxbWF9mpCnLySpmZma33QmyjFxJ+uSnICLwxS8v48MNoZqUAAIGBgQRBkI4mISGh9V5Id90tPlTTI/v7D+jJ/o7zF690CMlthRQA4O3btx19QhDk/51u3bolJSW1wgu1PqfWKyspTRQeREjP0VIKSiZHIssBaDEGEweQ/iIq6qrTp01TUlKaob7RP42JLgb0AoJ0OK33gretlZKcnOJ0FaoGZbqivNyigxHlALSEvZb66iozFOSaUFRZ55f6u6cV6AUEYVda7YW/BXoBQToc9AKCIM1BLyAI0hz0AoIgzUEvIAjSHPQCgiDNQS8gCNIc9AKCIM1BLyAI0hz0AoIgzUEvIAjSHPQCgiDNQS8gCNIc9AKCIM1BLyAI0hz0AoIgzUEvIAjSHPQCgiDNaaMXqoPu2i4zPxLypfbnn6YE3Vu1UJNKnbX5qkdRPXoBQToZrfdCTX7ytZ1rZIQGkx4zfuxbC/RIZ2uxYQJjJ0qOHy82rN9g7XXOpcxsOIVeQJAOp7VeYBQ5H9pmsdvx0YV1knzU7/vK0AvezpUSUl5/t6LxQ35hOV9/xZtRZegFBOlEtNYLDVXpqdnVAJ/v7xg7+Md+U/kB5yeIzHSK/La3fVGwppTIvPOB6AUE6US0td+x2T50EfbrxvRVfhj/rVlRFKIzSUhxp/uftySCgoI6+pwgCEISExPbzQsBx00Euis8iK9q+nXhe63xw8dbOtf9sRcSk5Lm6y/UNzQyWGiMBcv/Z9E3NF5qabh2x2yr7XPaUtbunL1iw/yFRkb6hszUbmBkuMgkJ+fftoxjzgvRNzeJ9VNx/b5dZUmonoyo1jHvhj/2QlhYGB+/AD+/AL+AIBYs/6eFX3DLIY3QvPVvM62CM1pfQvLWPwxYKik9hp+fqdoFBASHp6amtt4Lyfd3jBtKfZrW9DLvzTlxgcmnAgoaXzLSnimPm7jt8b81VJoRHBzc0TdQCNLxmG+aFJhu/jpxiU9C60tAmrmTx+yBQzhbEaB17YiGqqKvGRkZXmeXjxo47errxIycwho6AC1h+VRh/hmbgz5nZKR/3D9fuq+EaVAuE2MYsN8RQQghyzbLBKRZ+CQs9f7U+uKfauHkMXcoXx9ma291v2O1s4XiL0cSMfTNbQCANH/7GWN4CSGEdB8hpXPlJRM3C+gFBGmkk3qBnvru1U0npxs3b912vn3zxg0n98BcWlM3Qtnnj49uODk5u8XkVv3D29ELCPJvdFIv/C3QCwhC0AvNQC8gCEEvNAO9gCAEvdAM9AKCEPRCM9ALCELQC81ALyAIQS80A72AIAS90Az0AoIQQizQCz+DXkDanT59OfmG8wwT6NuWwivYd+CQXizLvHynjF/+Eq8sk1eZrS9vvi6+4TdnGD96AUFaoKMv5uJvYPd0TlvKzVfzdp6Y0b17N9ZkXq+mFXngaIj1oQ97Wl8i9ts8Wr2Rr98AZmtHLyBdn8VrpGMqrALTl7WlhOStuOqmxzIvbBBakKR0M1bRPqYNJUnp1lPpw7xcA5mtHb2AdH2MVkwM/bqyLQ11709LA9IszrvosM4LovMSNByi1a9GtaEkaDg8UTzAy41eQJAWoBeYrR29gHR90AvM1o5eQLo+6AVma0cvIF0f9AKztaMXkK4PeoHZ2v+SF+gl+Xl5eV/L/3x9ePQC8tdALzBbe/t7gZYfY2s1e2h3QggR07V6FpnFzPaU6AWk/UEvMFt7e3uhLuf4Ark+I9QOXLh06dKx+RN5B41dHl7ChBnQC0i7g15gtvb29kLxB81Rw6hH/BtfxVxYMmyg5us8OnoB6UDQC8zW3u7tiPKHW+eMVjZ/k14BJUn7l1Dn7L1b8ue7TaEXkL8AeoHZ2v9CvyM9//qW+ePEpyhOnDR7m30OE3vKAOC+tchfYIHl2NCy5V6ppm0p/jlLzzyksiyzlfCsdvGCu/y+/oS7FQHatG9tS3JjX24yN1+5eb/1OpPpSnpnHodX//ebfhAdEyM7VX6qnMJUeUUsWNpeZOUVd26fF/p+o9/rtW0pwQHrbt4wl1dgSWwFRRuKVby6XRu9EK9u91LDlqpEYa52OQU5BaXMzMx280Ltl0CjaSprHD80vkxwsR43nnojvPDPjxAXFz9ThaKipq6qRsWCpe1FmUK10bFK1rePXHC5LSVuwTX3OUfUKFSVv59ZRZ1qq70pXt2uLVKIUr8aT7F7pXViDnW2CoWZ2lXV1SgaWVnZ7eaFlEe7hvNMcYyubXr95cVkISHLWzF/foSgwMB2vyVD/s9Zwk/J0rgXpXKtLSVJzfGm9FaWZbYSaqd2hNy+foSrFQESEhLazQsVKR5ao7mHyc/bd+TIkSOHzDQn9Bul6ZZQ9udHwH5HpN1ZJqKVqXOnjd+9iRoOt6du794N+x2Z9wJAw5cPrsu0JhFCCOEar7v2YUgqjmtCOhb0ArO1/51x0PSa0tLS0tKyaqaUgF5A/g7oBWZrx3lTSNcHvcBs7egFpOuDXmC2dvQC0vVBLzBbO3oB6fqgF5itHb2AdH3QC8zWjl5Auj7oBWZrRy8gXR/0ArO1oxeQrg96gdna0QtI1we9wGzt6AWk64NeYLZ29ALS9UEvMFs7egHp+qAXmK0dvYB0fdALzNaOXkC6PugFZmtHLyBdH/QCs7WjF5CuD3qB2drRC0jXB73AbO3oBaTrg15gtva/44W6Yi/HfVozZ87UMj7lGsbUam7oBaTdQS8wW3v7e6GhKmWfqepQEQmZKVOmyMoozrIOL8T9KZGOBL3AbO3t7oV6/5NmvGKz7saXNL6uKiyqrMP9rJGOBL3AbO3t7YXqpNVKkwxP+0NNUXJSUkYOEztHoBeQvwR6gdna29kLjCxvyoRR8rMNNcYNJoT0HDJpg92bMmb6F4KDcd9apJ0xG0nN1L3bdi/cktnGssxrR81un/2mFPYP6t6nFQHac9/amk+u0iJ9RqqanrFzdnFxObxCnWvAlOshTOxPmZiUvMBgkcFCY8NFJliwtL3MNzU5P3tnsppDG70QT7n+XO/EwkUmBn8/s4GxyQWDPXGU623MHKd23VvvjIWRuYERM7UvNF5oZJqTk9tuXqhLcp8iPnrZ3fim12UhmpLD1Y96/fkRQkNDhw3jHcbLhwVL+xQ+vg0T9NO1brfxM5ZAtb83bQ8fHz9rYu+cbPqJat/G+4VPVPvnykfGjxBjtnZePv6UlJR28wKUhc8bL6Kyz7PpZWGgsqTw3PNBf36A4ODgdr8lQ/7PMRfSaJf+hVuyrGtHrBs9p73aEYN78rQiQHu2IwAqbq9QHThCy+Vt0ufPn5w2aAwbqfU4oeLP34/9jki7g/2OzNbe/uMXaBlv16tJchBCCBksMfPEo4gGZt6OXkDaHfQCs7X/lfGODRWZPk/u3b378EMGPqdEOh70ArO14/wIpOuDXmC2dvQC0vVBLzBbO3oB6fqgF5itHb2AdH3QC8zWjl5Auj7oBWZrRy8gXR/0ArO1oxeQrg96gdna0QtI1we9wGzt6AWEOcZIDFaijFRQGSHfhjKdKiQqMZhlmdELzNaOXkCYY+dJ5bdZlr7JZq+TWl9C81fuPq3MsszoBWZrRy8gzLHzpPLbbEvfJLPXia0v6IX/BL3wC+gFNmeH7YygjGU+CUu9P7W+fMhdsevkDJZlRi8wWzt6AWEO9AJrMqMXfgG9wOagF1iTGb3wC+gFNge9wJrM6IVfQC+wOegF1mRGL/wCeoHNQS+wJnOX9UJlXlbWl3wanall3NAL7A56gTWZu6YX6vP8FsgM7jNQ/nLQV/RCVwK9wJrMXdILJfd2LteaQxXrLW7t+m+r0KMXOh3oBdZk7oJeyPa/Ntdg6/Pn9ioDxu91Qy90KdALrMnc5bxQmbh71uw9Lom1KS7yvccy6wXcV4bN2XZsWrt4YYftNJZl7pT7yozqUvvKwFu7neoWZwoaoDbKaWovpr0QGhbGy8fPx8fPx9+lCx8/Hx//wEGD+g/o139A/7aVfgMHDWbRGeMT2H9eMzDdoo1eePfF8uBFDT4+ARZk5hXg3zjRoF32oXOZbi3Az4rMfPz8u6Ysbp996GYekRQax+zFyS8gkJKS2m5eoGX5rpi34mFiPQBAygPF3hJHfYqYOkJiUrK+oZHhwo7f7/TvloUmi4xNzziuue+7/q7XuraUB2/W215ZvcjIlAWxDQxNL90z90tpkxS8Py0NTF969eESfYMlLMjc3vvWmhoyswdsK89zO+9ba8HkvrUmC41Mc3Pbbd/aeu/Di/rxienoGy5YsGA2RWZQDx5xBZ3dtz7Q//gQQUH/R/vcn7hJeffF0i/FrC3lQ+7yvedZ11bfdkypPdoRK1nZjlg6Qr2d9rnfyrLMa0XaaZ97+f0DO3qf+4Ywp33TJSVGiwgLCwuPFBjC1Y1jwDCh+Tae9X98iP+ffkcOzu7HHakBacva+N0blGFpfXZmT47urImN/Y6sydzl+h2/UR3tNKmbiPWTDKbehV5AL7Q76AVma/+b4x1j72uLTDvhmYle+C3oBdYEJugFtvJCA6O+uopWh+Og/wH0AmsCE/QCW3mhdaAX0AvtDnqB2drRCx0GeoE1gQl6Ab3QiUAvsCYwQS+gFzoR6AXWBCboBfRCJwK9wJrABL2AXuhEoBdYE5igF9ALnQj0AmsCE/QCeqET0Vm9cGp6UI65T8pi78+tLx8KLXedmc6awAS98H/rBe5ePWctGrtim4z5xsmtLhYbJ1tunaJEEWpFgFbQSb2wc7v6G/81L18t9/BsfQl6u3b7DlXWBCbohf9bLwwYxH3lsd773BV+n81bXfxTzd9mW249wqJ5fp3UCzZSZomz7CO0L0doX2p1SZl9w0bajDWBCXrh/9kLFx/OCsqy9Ek0a3V5nWQWkL5s8yHFVgRoBZ3UC0clLD6r34hRvR6teq3VJUPD+dj4ZawJTNAL/89euPBANzCjTZ8xn4Sl/qkWmw6iF/6No5LmyZpO0erX2nK9pmvfPjbBgjWBCXoBvYBe+NugF1iTGb3wC+gF9EK7g15gtnb0AnqBOdALrMmMXvgF9AJ6od1BLzBbO3oBvcAc6AXWZO56XmCkh3lftbW1PX83JrcSvfBPoBdYE5igFzreC4xCF2uzSaLDOQkhpOcIGSP32GL0wm9BL7AmMEEvdLwXqtMdr1x3exNTUFSUHuKiLjJMccOdKmZWeEQvoBfaHfQCs7X/1f6F+ivLZ4ycZ1OIXvgd6AXWBCboBfbyQsXHJTKTzM+/Z2pB6KDAwFacRE5ucu6+VmBmm72QZrFur2wrArQOG3vVgPQ2eyHTctcpJZZlPjR28WfNG230QoaO82HxJSzLvFhQLas99pu6OWULyzJbCc1qp/2m9vUjXK0IkJCQ8De8UOd/Zc0k9ZUf8uqYeltcXPxMVYqqGlWV8sdFTUNXT9vJ2/hNnqlXepvK6y+LbR0XqqppMFF764qahrqGxrWnRr45i9uY2S938bl7iyhUTeZOWquKijrVQXN3AtU+qm1eSFZ3dFLfPZP61wOrUqgzNahHKWtT1J3a6IVP6nbuWjZqlL9/bVCoKurUE9qb4tXt2pg5nmL3SuvEXI3ZKurM1K5GVVPXyM7Obn8vxD07O03V9GZ4IbNvjI6OniIzVUZWTnaq/B8WGVl5FYWZD8x2Rm05EbLxaKtL6IZjEZtszxiskZH906pbXWRk5RXkFG+abo3cbNuWzCEbj0ZvPnF10Qb5qUosiD1FTv6q6rYEqn0b7xc+U53sZm6bIv/XA8tOlZ8sL79/+vJU6o22e8FV/dDUqfIyfz+zjJz8EdU18ep2bbxfiFe3e0k9rq6oylRmGVm5qXIKmZn/tiNUK7xAj3xyiqK73ME/i/n3tnLf2t6kp/OEHZ9n3I5Wsm91iVVySJp+c4+IUSsCtI6r4huSZ9xqS+ZoJfuUGbdtRS1ZlvnwuMVt71/I0HE+IrGUZZmXDKe0UzuCdfvWWgm3Vztif3/C3YoA7bhvLQDUhD46RjFc/TCO6TuFRlrX7ziIk+fO1B1Jmm26V4xWv5ag4bBPwqQVAVoBZ/ee1yZvSNR0bOP1mqzpdHLico7uPVkTG/sdWZO5a/U7FoVoj+IkhGf0aGFBQQEBAYGRoos8EqvQCy1BL7AmMEEvdLwXylMuHdi8fJmZqUkTS5YdD82uQS+0BL3AmsAEvdDxXmgz6AX0QruDXmC2dvQCeoE50AusyYxe+AX0Anqh3UEvMFs7egG9wBzoBdZkRi/8AnoBvdDuoBeYrR29gF5gDvQCazKjF34BvYBeaHfQC8zWjl5ALzAHeoE1mdELv4BeQC+0O+gFZmtHL6AXmAO9wJrM6IVfQC+gF9od9AKztaMX0AvMgV5gTWb0wi+gF9AL7Q56gdna0QvoBeZAL7AmM3rhF9AL6IV2B73AbO3oBfQCc6AXWJMZvfAL6AX0QruDXmC2dvQCeoE50AusydwlvUDP/5KelpZRSEMv/CPoBdYEJugFdvBCfVHSufVzh3IQQshIVYtnUXnohd+CXmBNYIJe6HgvNBRcW67cb7iKjd3NW7cumUwW5J+wNrYMvfAb0AusCUzQCx3uBVrCI5nR4hvvN+1IUR7qICUwbtfTFPRCS9ALrAlM0Asd7oW054cnCKg//FTd9Lo0THeKkJqN558fITg4uBUnsV837jtTtn+mOsWoXW11iVW7lqTusHcsi/ab6kbINan1yVTHtmSOUbuaQnU6OX4ZazITQmzEl6ZQnWLVrrUlc6am81EJM5ZlNh9Bzda628bznKzucHvKNpZlXi8yJ0ndIbZtmZPUHZ7K7R/co28rArTnflNBp5YO76n4IP7bRjKF77UmjJhkdb/+j4/w/v17Li5uLu5e3MwUvn5D7aduDlO/HKR6ttUlWPVsCOXiLkljZmtvXeHpzXNuilWo+qW2ZA5SPftR/fIRKYu+vXlYkJmLu9eBiUs/ql8OblvmKOq1gxPNWHOeubh7mY/RjtGwa+N5DqVcvD51U69evVmT2WrcvBDKxTae5xDKxXsKu4f352PqVHNx9+rVq3dycnK7eeH9BUshrmk/eeGD1sQRU9Y/+HMvFBWXuLk/c3/64skzD6aK72OvwIftULzcX7kzWXWri4/bq3bJ7O3myZrA7s88vNsjc9BDb5/HLDrP7s88vNw8gx56tz22r+srlp3nV+6e7XJtvHH1evrUg6lT7f70xdNnLysrK9vNC4n3d40dPPNBwrcNpkpDZ8uON776nqmDIAjC5jDZ75joKjtylNnVsMaX6R5HRIbLnAv6+heCIQjSYTA7fqHkuqVqz/4Tzbfs2LFjlYzAIMlF5/Nq/0oyBEE6CubHNZUnXVg/fwQ3F1c/EWNrx9Siur8RC0GQDqSV8yPqampqav68txFBkM4Eq+dNIQjC/qAXEARpDnoBQZDmoBcQBGkOegFpJbTSgvySfxszh7QLFSVFxeXV//137UoX8EJdZlyY75uAmM95jJ9+mvPBzfqAY1rVP76tYyn+kpb4ObOSAQBQkRlyevty4zXW7u9SGjo62J/jd27/jhOe9I6O8c/Qqyoqa+u/XxT1SYGPdqxYvMTqgFtwIpvGbigPffXcLya38VVtbrjNav0Z0xSVlNWM156OyGOdHTq5F+hlj22XjRIQGj9RSmKs9JyVx8Oym9aQiru7e+ykpR+KOzbf72BUep1bJcw7mI93qNyCwx+j322fJScsKjZGQnz0WGXb5/GM/z4Eq6nJDjtjs2vThvVrrdassbKyslq7Yf0qqqSYiITq8jVr1p+4nVbe0RFbUhy6Ys6S816ZAADAiLx/SIpfcNQYUTEJyTGjFLY5vmfDgTeMvCBL3Vkn/XMAABhF9qt1Rk3QOXj+uuPlowbTpCYtPJpcyaKro3N7oeDddZmRY81OPIqMjfF7csNq1owJiksfhGYDQLLrkanKaz6WdHTEFhSH3lIQFKSsO2p/5cwyjZlTJiuoGRxPrgCAGq/Ty2T0rBNobHfTUPj2ikAvLpEpFJOlS02MFhoYGJoYL1AaO0pYTG7ewoUme64ms6EX8gNmTabsf5wCAFCduElDhrLpTnEDANSF3Nw1ear+s1TmlyH8y1TFPV6kavgskwEAkB9kOFX3tM+Xpt8VvTWbrnvSM5U1STq3Fz5eWTFJ1erHfFFGkeuxtTIT9RwDMzO9zirMZEcvhNnvkle1zmp8keulJy294cGnxlcNaR468uZPEtiu8VNfnnx+wxIVNdNLT8Oqmr6x6E+2r1yyyaXm39/ZgRQEzVfQPf4yFwDg65slylp2kRVNv6pP3mKks+Xxvy1A0CEwCt5baFAPeGYDAJSGrlZb4Rb13bgVFxfqbHBg0RzFzu2F9KeH5HWsQn758Nf5X92uNHXOKjOjqWrrI0o7Kto/EudyYp7ekSYv0JN3qKvse9q0ck5d8lOtGcufJ7O6k+nPqI7yvGE5b+48812PwzIBwMvais29ME9Odf3VgMzsrCQ/J4OZ8x8mfTux9KwDqw1W343t0Hy/peLRAVNRGSOXD59rofjmtuU770UAANRXxL88pyA286xvFmtydG4vMIpDV2jp7r4f9euP60LuHJLm7skvuzKq4vdv7EBq0l5bzDG8+u4rAACj0Pfe3cDkYgCAhvqAi6sVDQ+lsPM8tIqMx1f26qnrWO07vlN/rvHGe2x3L/6dolBDJZHBw8WkJ00aLzpykMh0x6imlUjrvwSYz9I9zZ7zgCvSL282lBCdoKE3W0laZIDIJL0F83U1lEfxj5y19U4Bq66Nzu0FAMiJCw2Jy27ZIk/wfXTroW8hO87hqEv86B8QldW8S7yu8Jnj+bsB/7aKDptQmvrh0u5lMuISlidfsWHvXRP0yviPfs+euD1+/Pixm7vHm/fZ5U1XQ36E+7YdFxPL2a4f5xu1ye88rp4+sm3D+jWW5kssVu06eNrVN5KVt5Gd3gv/Ap1ez4Z9+/9KQ31dHYNtL9dfoOelJ6V/LWPQ66qqaPTOkfkbDQ31dXX0TnKiv0OvpdWw6orusl4oiXi2deWJODbsJ/9nqhJeWK45HVncmWxWnfBsw5aD7wo61Wes+vPpnRscQtiyHfFP0DPPrd52OxD7F/6EhoaGBgaDwaDT6YyfaADI8rysLb/yPRuOX/gWumXmvOCrMtOt/PPYcNBNY2Z6y8xFby+p6pi8/MKGXmiAhgY6ncH4NTOjARhFIctnqe71ZtFnjCkar+ffXBwV0WsVdY+5s6iZ2bm9UBjutmquto6OjpaW5s/o6OrMlBk/Yfr6SPa7XyiOfr5CW1tHt3lmbd1ZqvKSI6esDythu89Y+ScPc0NdXV3tXzNr6czSVZOXEFA1D8rv6IgtKU86utlYW0eneWhtHS01hZHjZE8Gst/9Ai318oZF2jotTrS2ro76NBF+xQu+2awJ0rm9UBZ9T27IwClzVx0+uG/PT+zdt3fdIm055fURzOyFxRoq4h4pDBwkPWvV4UP7rX/JvH/TUp2x8htDijo6YgtoSU8UBAdL6iw/cmj/L+d5/74tSzXHUc392e8jBtWpm6liA8S1dh08tPenE229d5/1ZrMpMtOOB+R2dMQW1Gbs0Rg3UIyy49Dhfb9eHHu3L5cXVTnnncmaIJ3bCwC0l7ZWC1ZdbflRKgpwmj1tNTuOg4ZqrzObdFdcym3RXKgIv6mgsj6AHdsRNb6XNukuP/OlRbTqCCdNvSVs2Y6A3GAHvdkrvDNbPNyrjl03X2O/Dzu2I/LeOi3QsvRIbvH8l/F5y8y5x598Zk2Mzu4FYJREbVtibuvVfHxoUdjjjRaHYtivHQEAUBlnbbb41Mvm4+3K49zNzI+HF7Flv2Nl/IEl5scffWr246q4xys37GHPoQAAVY8Prl9u7db8KqhMOLp55eV37Bm65snxDSb7HzQfkVeXdnr5Wid/vF/4Y6rLCvNKmvu1gVFfW1PLto+iassK8ktbjHdm0Gtq2Pc5ZU1pUX5Ri4nVjPqa2lr2fU5ZW/k1t7jFKBZGXW1NHduGrq/I+doyc0NdbU09qzJ3BS8gCNK+dAUvlOck+jy5f/3C2RO2x21PnLl+677fxxT2HZ8LAAAVeck+z+5fu3TuxPHjtifPXHNy8Q1NZrv5Ur9S+TXF99lD+8vnbG1tbU+evup0zyckkVUTf1sLreCj34vb9pdPnbC1tT1x/qqTu8/73HL2Dl1dFOHn4Wx3+fRJ2+PHT1644uDm9SGnnKW9Tp3dC7UfHxydNoqfT0hCcYYKhUKhUCgzFCaPHilKNTkcnsueE5DqIh+fnCEmOHCEuOL0mRR1dXV1NWXFycLDRVVN9od+YU+h1cc+O6MiMXzIyHEK02eqq1PUKWozFacIiYgqG1m/y2TTVZuKPr1cqj6h/zDBSfLT1SgUCoWipqwoPkZEYobRzaD0jk73e4oTvVdTpYcOEJgkP01VTV1dXV11ppLEqFGSivqO/iyaZAhr2VAAACAASURBVA2d3QslMfc1ZOUsjtyJTMooKquoqqJVVVWVFeXGvnNbSVFSt3Rkw2F4pbFucydMXnrEOSIho6i0oopGo9Gqyopy4z48X6str7TyGhs+jqhM8tCerLB4v1NYQnpRaQWNRqNVVZUX5cWHemyYNU3F4nwOG06ToKXunEeRN9zzKiw+t7C0qqqKRquqLCvO+PTx8haDiUoW/lnsN0GtOu2QicrUBbu8wuJzC0sqq2g0Gq2yvDgz8aP9zkXjp1i8ZtUCZJ3bC+FX11GNDvy2W5kWcW/BzCU+OWx3xxjuuFdF41De737FSHxEUVrxKo3t5i7HP7SWnX/o913hyY+0Zpk+ZL+54bXJrhR1k/vJv7sAGlK3GM/a5JrE8lD/Qc3np4YquneSf/tt9uWgro71/WjWJOncXvh0ZzfFYGfy775gy0Nu6CgZvcpmOy98enBMnbI96XcTPauj78yQWeqRynZeSPE4rqi7M/Z3uepj76ioG7oksZ0X6jM9Z1MX2Yf97kl13SeruerrHiSwPNR/UJ/1ejF11uWPvx2Nl7ZTQ337nUjWJOncXqjPCV5OUdKyOOwREJaamZtfUJCfn5uWGO3r7mCsPFV1pX0++92T0/M+WKlPU1166HnAx+Ss3IKCgoL8vLSEWL/nN5aqTplhcbnleKcOh1EQvk5bSWXJ3mf+ISmZOfkFBQX5eanJcQEvblqoyU9bejabDdsRjKKbWxZMVDG1c/eN+5zxNb+gID8/Oz05NODF0eV64vJmvhls5zJoKHbeuUhKyfia2+u4xPSv+QUFBflfMpI/Br08aTVn3FQzrxQWdeV0bi8AQG7407WzVcX4hwziExorLj5OTKQfZ4+BQpJa5kc/5rDffzwAAHyN8VizQG0s/+BBw4TExcXFx47qRzgHDB+vYX4gJJs9+x2hMM5z00KKuOCQAcNGjhMXFxcb1bcXR9/hEhqL97/LYNN+R0bxp0vbTeTHj+w/iHfMWHHxcWL8A3sRHkF5ypJbgWkdne73MEqSrm0xVZAUGjCQd8w4cXHxscMHcXP05ZdVM3b0ZdFgR+gCXgAAgLrspPDnj+462NvZO9y47+4Vnsh+7Yfm1H9JjHj58K6jvZ2dw437j1+Ff2qxUgvbUZ+THOXhes/R3s7e8cZ9N8/QT5lseKPQjPLclABPt1uODnb2DrddHvuFxhezX4djMyryUoO83W85OdjZOdy+5+oXElvI2sZl1/ACtFyuojonwef1x2I2vmxbZq7NT/Dy/VjExlctvUXm+q8Jr33ffWW7LpEf/GZ1nvrCdz4+8flsejsJv83MKHnn45+Qi+2IPyPZ/6apjvoMZVXd+SuuPA39/l8df896vIxFCDvOm4L0oLtmetQZyio6c5dffPz++3918pN946XNAtjw4SpARrCLpR5VeYaK9vylZx6+/Z45w916wiS9V799vtLR0LJCD1vOU1FWVtees/nMw7RvC7cxMl7Okpyw15tFc5aZoibn45FVBirKyhStOVtP3vtc8k0Quf46UtMPPE1hTYzO7YXqlFdzJgpLUC1PnT+7c+VC2bETZ1tdTalsAICEh4dkZ7DjOvE16b6GkiLiahYnzp/bs8pokqSk5rrzieUMAEh5cURWcWVwIdt5oT47wHCSiOjMJSfOn91rZSw7YZLuilPxZQwAyH5+SE7J4DUbTkGi555eMm3IKOUdx8+c2LtWQ2GyLHXF09hCAIBsb/2pckfefPmvQ7AcxtdLliqDR83YcfTMyQMbtadKT5q5/HFEPgBAftB8BeoxjzTWBOncXoi5sW78pEVB324KCmK91uqqKc/bG1fE+PLyhBxb7isTd3e36IRF/gVNLwvifDbqq8nOs44qoBf4nZJTWsWGXkhy2ycutdA7tylYUYLf9gUzleZtDc+vL31zUmGaIRt6oT79BWWC0r7nGY0vG0qTHXYYyyjMdgjJgdK3RvLybOgFeuZLXQnpXU/Sml6Xfb5hbTFFep5dcBbQIgyVNNELf0T8rU1yczYn/tyJUJZ81FhLWX/frQvW0yjrw9nRCwdmqG36JXNl6jELPTmDfbev7Zk2c+1b9vNC8tPDU5W3xf78qKQq49wqHQWD7c6XdiqrGvuynxfomR468gvsQ36er0zzvbhuisK8C7evLpo+/agfG3rBc/5MyrnQn8cv1Phf3iY7ecGVm44GM2fZohf+BNrnJ9pKOqd9fx2JR0s5v2q+EEcv/ikrItlvvSba5xcLFFWPeWX88tOatAsbF/IN5Ok3bkUo+7msNtNngZyWzYtfG7d1WXbb9EcN7t57smEAG67jVv/lsL6O4b4nVb9otj7QcdfUMQN7DBI7GsB+nSL1uTZLdfV2Pq74pduRHnTj4HQhAS5uyZOsWkumc3sBoPLNzctOL2Oaf8PW5tzcaWm26SL7DSkGgErfu3Z2T6Oa9zjXfb11aI3B8gup7NhNTgt6ePXq0/DmmesLHh1dNW/j6US2XP8m673ryWtPvjYfWkqPfGRrYLLGPZ79NiMDyH7nfvaSa05tsyuaEf34jMn8Fe6xLOpI7+xe+Ddqa+vYeRTDb1sLdbW1bJy54feZ2XgtGfiH0PW1tSxb46QV/DYzg4Unuit7AUGQ1oFeQBCkOegFBEGag15AEKQ56AUEQZqDXkAQpDnoBQRBmoNeQBCkOegFBEGag15AEKQ5XcML9Un+zx3t3FNLf7fKMptAL/vgfsP+eVDLjQe7DNkfva473Q3PYfN9s5D/hnVeKK5KCM88GZV9sWUJzzyVXuTR/A2MkgjvuxuMdCgUirbhmhue4SU/5iYzamhVFbTvk0tKjs6RIETCJZ6drkhGPa2isrrmmwbKI8yGEiKzOLqCiUPUVFVW0b7PmKgLdjq4yHK3X+rfWcyLXuByfJ3+uovJFf82CL8687215eKdjoEtlpurd7WcTEjP1e6s2xYJ+UuwzgvZJf5PojQ9YvVblidRWuGZJ37+47rimIMGU7l6DRkzfqKUlJS4CF9PDs7JCw8lVNABAOoyNurL8Elv+dS0IkCRzSJZ0kPRLZGNFlOmZ76ezyuouelWkwdKw1cIkp5qq+P+/EPdkHlgmpTEjHUxTYf4Yj25LyF99rj/lT3UGgre6vIRQmTck//tNKa7HeAihHPGkbzm9qhzW65AyKC1T1i3bDHyl2CdF3JKgz1iF3h/WtqyeMTqR2Vf+PGnjBLnTardCJfaeuemTdlKkqznSxLS2+ikfz0ANGSYKQsQLqOPTdN7i48ZTSU9pnlktKy248jwVCZE1Oh002zesoiVw0lP6roUJuZLZmwZM5hTeN77pkPURL+6d97ONfkvNUVqi3weXj9z17fwXxfLpeXGOF+84Pr2N/+Ol1bTCBm0jlVrECJ/D3b0Ql2Gt1Zv0k180dufJpuXhVzj5yD8qns+58bvp4zry92TdO/DP0JYaZtDPVSfXazYjUv2tMtD67mKo8Ummtk+LqB9W3W9vjzE9ZyO3DhhYVH91WcjChqXZCh13rtAafWhl48u6U2eaHnu9c9rtDNqc5+e36Y0Slh4nN65J5H1QPc8byE9xcA1vAgAAOivr6+ZPHmuS0RpUdjtRVO1Ljz1u3nQQkJ4tKL2Nu+kQgAoi7qvJcXLTQhH30EjhCVXnw8FRqKVcHeu6Sa3XOxM1CXFJHRP3Q+p+vbZqkgJObPVSFhYePT4ueeehNUAQGn05jkT+nP06M7Rm2+EsIrZzUpgvD5oprlolXdm4y18Xfybu5YaUsLCo+duOBOe13ypiZqcyHNbjUcLCwuPGW96wDE+r+lG5cOt7TNNtviFfLi8ZZHwKLGZy/e/a9ytpDrzwnZDrcWX0ppuF2rjXtrNVZwoLCwsrmFq/yKS1gAAUBr7fI2m5urbQY23C5VZbw8aa40WHm189PJJQxnSfVijF2qK024fsRATFpZUMbIPTGX7JfCRX2BHL+QGXBhIiJjxyYKf35/tM30IIeK6nsmfb24xEBnWh3AIUeYYrL7ygg5VF5YpE0J68UsvMFqoLi1EyADjC28YAABVr44a9+caKK+90NhYf5JgvzGa2+LLGwCKT5iKEy5uwZETteYbHnsQ8tNXcNXjrbN7cfKrzjM1MtShmuyOrYS4W2sIITq2XgAANQlrJbjIIIpXAaPQy0aUkN5DJeQ1FxjOVeHtQYYpbIqtZFSnvtmyaPowQvoJSc82WHLaNQHq4tdL9Cak20hJFeNFBlOG9yU8E056ZwMALfPNovHDeMbILTQ2XqAuO6Cv0Pb7sfSa9Et7Fo7tx92TZ4TqbIP1Rz2rgXZdg4/0GWMfXwvA+Hh338i+3QTGTzcwMFCWV7ayC/35bFVlBZrL8pOhY7UWGBjoKQ/rQ0YobYopogOAz8kFpE/v0dJTZ+sb61NlOAkR0tyXVgdQHb9UjpsMNo+sBICaoMurh3NwiMhpGBgYKE8cTjgF110JaQAo8jsvSojodhcAoJdELJMfTjj5VecazNeQ6dudEE6RLR5ZAGXnzGTJYFHdRSZGCzSVl5/Par7QCMLWsKMXkp4fIoRMNrvwy9o0eQEUXkLEqK8KAKB0jeYo0n9ZYtPvimxN5QkR2v3gEwAw4h/I9iV9DU8UA0Ce74yB3MIqu1JqAABeH57XrcewPd65ABXnV0wmZMiSi4EtkhaeUhtNiLh9WDEAlBUXlNdBQ6aP1vAeHFO2pANURtjxESJtfKUaIP/lsTGECBue+FoPANUnTcYRIuccVgYAUBikSbpNXHat6Z6gNHy1SHcyRv1RdAUAJN7fQAjn/N1+AOB1bFE3wr/TNQEAoOjtQqFuPBq7M+kAULxXUrCfuHHst0PYzR5NeKWcUwDqU9coDyF9lF0T6wCgtjgnJbXwp39C9aO9swnpv/JWBAAAMO5sUCek32bXRAAIuGxCSG+NnQ+qAQDy98/gJZziF8IqoCFllcoQIrQ6tg7gq6/K0B6DJpmHlAMAMNKeKvYl/WWsPtOB9v6aNCHSe10BIOH+pm6kO2WjKwBAXfpeNRFC+Da//AKQuVGxFxmu65ldBwDFeYU19eiFzgQ7eiEv4CIvIYL6h3J+upYaMjym9CecE0xCKgAgzUJNmPQzDWm8r//Rv9AAAIwcv7kipKeuTT5ARZgDb9/unFy9e3NzcHBw9iSEEI7FdxMBaOctJAgn9fnnlo3phnQ/J91Jo/r24eZVMnH0iaUxAIDmvFqFEP5Db7/EOy3n7D18/7NMAMh+ZjOaENULAQAAUHtjD5WQyU7BhQBQn+KhRrqNNz3ddNfT1L+w/nM9AEBO4OmepO/crT4A9LNrlAnh6NOnNwcHB2djxsmWkdUAkL5VnJ9HTD/42yHsZo8mvNJ30gDK3xuIEkI99A9LlxYdXCJNCMUrrckoSXd3DSZE7bw/AARcNCBklM2znMZfee6jEsK3/UEmQPpqlSFEeHU8HWqjHXkI90zzh98aOll7pXiImLpvBdSG2kkTIr3XDQD8j88lZNhG16YOhVfrZhAyaN2zdABG5KOjyuOEenfvPZli9Sgyi43390F+Azt6of5LwALe7mT4LO+fdmaLvbmRmxAps+tlAFD32UxViPRbGtXUEm70gqJbYjUA1Ge91hMhnLOPFgBUR94Q6Nl9pPTcvUdsbGxsjh63PXnuqn9qOUDpWQsJwqX59J82Yq7MfOxkozVpCOkjc/1tEQAUBlwYycmlaHxwrbY031iLGBoAQOYzm9GEKJ/yBgCAaocdFEJkbr4rAoD6zy9UCJFceqGpWV8asXLEj+cRWW9O9CQ887e/BmBcsZpBCP/81XtsbGxsbI7anjx58bF/MQOAkbJ5LC/P2IVhTYf4yQtV4UaSHGTi+oTff+BKT1nKESLtHNX04Db8yppepJuR00cACLi4kBDBnS6NTw3qbptNImTkAe9CgLTvXqAn3BUkPSbpX256EkJPXCnCzTHeILwWakKuf/fCu/OLCOm/wj4WAAAaHllMJWTw937H2oJP945ukhXsTYbN8s5gx5U2kX+CHb0AUPl4/xxCyMjZO97EpKampn54emHqEEIGKjiEFgAA1KZazhAkPaZe941LzStqgJLjv/NCHgBURFmK9ukhrPU4MqeioiIn/u0de8eoYgAoOWshQbg0nrR8tEn/cuvs+TuvoouLch3XTyNE8ODTTAAARuYeldE9evTh6MmptudJ4xfpv3kh3ZNCCKeimXds6peCKqiIaumFeVteAUD0jY39SE+Nvfdyyysqygs/uNq7eIdVAwAjfcf4gYRH6pxPXFpWMQPK7WePJrxSt5IZ0FBy1lyWEJ4V5z1TU1Ne3bF3ePjxp749xkf79X0IGbv4RHRqamroE4NJA0l/Nbf4cgDwv7y0GyGDFYxc3yekvLszvR8hwno+XxugPmmlyhAitDqmGqAmYb0UD+EcZ/MkLDU19ckZix6km/Kau9UApcFXv7cjcgPO8hIyWnP3x9TPQS7H5QX6kJ4jN3tkQG268xHbF5EZJcVJ+zTHEDLxbiyb7m2L/BY2Hb8A5SlXtplKCg0kTQySVjG85pHw7dc03wsbRnIQQojESgc6VB+dJ0GI5P14GgDUZ3iqDiJEbV/jNmPJ3te1po5uPEqvIaM1TG3iSgGg+NhCQUIUH/1mKFTJ/S3GI/p3J4QQHiHNVadiCps6JUPs1/QlhBDJS0FNS4ynP947hJDJRxoHZdEur5cjROx6YCEAQO0XByv1HoQQ0tf8Qjg0xJvxEDJ1aeO4pgzvQ4QQ6qqnDQBQlXZxk77IMC5CCCEcoyapHXdp/JDXBF9ex9+bEEKkjR1roPYaZSjhErkeVwMABdHPllIlexFCCBkmqnzIPeGXf0RFyrkNC4SGcBJCCOkuMkXr5MOmFaj9L5l2J/0myClLiQ0ihPCMmLLj7kcAgMpYU5mepP/SiAoAgFQ/Jz05scbz1rPfSMoS2/C8OgD4+ubsKEJGbb3bAAB1Obe36w/hIIQQEZl5VqZ6hEdw/bNMaMi7uprSn4MQQnoNHLfA2jmLHRe5Rv4R1nmBVleQUxqUV/ahZckpDS6hJbV8S15iiIuzs7Ozs9vzkILmN8y0WF/XO873gmK/AtAT3nm53PfJLqcDQENVXsAzlweB8d/vBOjFKc8f33V2dvZ627h5GgDUJoZ4uDzwa3xLc2pLowOfOzs7P3wT/bM2apKfqXASDtk1MWVNPR9VX+Kfu7i8TmjUBD0l6o2Ly6u0wm9DAavzXj+96+z87FMeDRrKwp663H8TVlYPAFD19dN9l0dBEd+7UOqTw32dnZ3vuHjE5vy86DotKuDpHed7b+PzABipgc9d3D3Typoy0yu+BDx2dnZ++CEx93f/jLqksNfOzs537r9MKvjxufS/oE+ImO2ztIz4AGfne+/ic75FKAv1dXN5GvZ9NDmjJO2F2z1nZ+dXwfHf31+Tn+zp4uIZk/UtedVH32fOzq5RubSG8nS35x6xeTQAaKB9DXzp6uzs7BWUjA8pOx1dY34Ea2iIe7SzPyGau93YeMfp/8bv3AJChPY++iuDJpGuAXrhj6Fn75fnJZySV4PYcHMlJgi8vJAQwd33cbQy8o+gF/4YRtXnD+/fRSRXsvHGL39CZUHq27fhWUXY4kf+EfQCgiDNQS8gCNIc9AKCIM1BLyAI0hz0QqtooBcX5GTmFNf9rdlAjPKCnMy8Inbe3BrpwrCnF6rj375wdr5988YNJycnJ6cbL0LS2esDUpmwSkOIS3xT/F9aIIqRcXAGL9e0JaHF//23CNLusM4LlbG56fs9M4/7tizpB14VuMX8+NO6tJ1UXvIT0lYurZuQl+J9bYmllUtke484KI00letLhK1i/5IX6hK3iBIy2fA9egHpCFjnhSKP+JBxxz7KnW1ZQsSPp25//uNPa1N2qw8j3MqO/kkZGRkZGRl5xVWtu2H/dM2EkB4WT3P++0+ZoixyidJAMmZ93N/yQtJ2iZ5kqtEH9ALSEbBwPWjvxHC5s1HqV1uWcPlz6Qde/fjT2tQ91KGk96w3Lb7ma77GOp09tGvXbvsH77/NIqgNf3H9yO2XX4tyPe6c273n4OPgJAYAAD3a566ZxkTSg1tqzvI9B+1i8moBoOpLvIvdiV27dh09dzc2r2n2Q01O+Okjl3yic77EvD65a/e+q67JpQwAKE0OOrL/0IPA5EYr1ebFXj14wP5lVH15vMX0Qb/zAv3r5/f2h/fv2rXb9s7LrG8zDfIjPC/ZXIvKLUnwvWu9e885R7/iH56r+hT07OT+Xbt2H7z9PLxp1mELL9Tlx9++eLgp9tefa60MeXht765de/buP3jwwP4zt5JK67NDHhw8eDk4uQwAoCbX7eyJsw6e3yZ/QV3hZ1e7Y7t27bK951f04zasLs7fdc+uXXsuP0rMZ6Plc5EOgV29oMFLuGfeCErJzs7Ozv5SXFUHAFn+Dppjh/fp1YuTk6NPH37trQ559QBQddFcgvTnU1WaLiY0hBDSffDEvY/iGoDhenARR4/uhJDuPTl6D1VzS64vj36gpSQhwDuQk5ODdOMSkF7qmVAOAGUfrg0gHCOklBXlJAZyEkJ6Tp59KKkGaLG3RQnpo7E/ux4AIPL2KkKIzr7XjPpUy+kt7xcaIh/YKo4X4+vbm5OzO+HoIztnT2xJAwBEXVsxlJDx0zSkxgpxdSeE8Mza41LUAAAVrtamkqJCA3pzcnYjnL15Zx1+VAkA9M8/eyHn7T09qRG9uHpycnL27M4tIDrLPiALAKAm87KVtgBPby5OzqYW15hZXtnVfsdUCBm6zy0DACA/QImLEBHDj42LSIW76smIDODpxcnJ2aPfMFXzs8mVAA3Vz45YjOIfytmLm2ugwKxljvm4utL/N2zqhb26o37uXzC8GQX0zI3ygr2F5/nlAQB4H5rdo8eIo355AHU3tswghEdt3eXU0sqs12eGESI+72Q+A+j1tYFnTQnnwKW3IqqraxkNUBzndcPdK7cGACDg9GJCONbcigSAikhnUU7Sb4SGnX9KVXWmjcYo0m3EibBygK97ZwkRrmnun+kAxad1x5DeUnZRNGAkmP2mHVEfHfzihlsYHQCg1tF0POkpfOJdMQAk3NoiQMhQpVU+CYW0vHcmUtyk7zy/HDpAReCNOz6RGQAAVdELJ/YmQ5ZEVABASqMXQisBaPFWcvyEQ/Z6cGp1dfWnJzaCPclAtSN5dKiLuS1C+mhse1pTXx9mv0aAa/jeZ6mMBvC0nUXI2OMvsgAA8gPV+Hv1lV4SUQHAyDsyT4IMUHX/XA0AEddXchLe3U8ygJGsJ96H8Jp8LAMoSn79MiCv625+g/wJbOoFa01BwiG59shlOzs7O3snv5SSmpQnYwdwDRouO3+RoYGBgZbcKEKI3tWPAIwbG2UJUXSJqQEAKHo3tzeHIHV7ah0AQPhVc8I5yPLhj0nchZ+CT+5YZmBgoC0/vhfpY2H3HgAqIm+OID1Vre40zggOODqPcPBteJYBAJG3tw4kPTWOBjOqwii8fQXUrLPoAJUxS3/fv0DPCHXbZG5sYGCoMlGQ8Izb75sHAJ+cNg4hZN7NSAAAKD9uKUPITPempR9Kgx5dWGFgYKA/S0ywX6+BJu8K4ZsXjCPqoOHT3Yn9iaCpQ9Mkzoa05TOGEx7d4BJgfLo3rucwg4PeABDusHpgN77D3rkAzbwQrM7fi0faLLoGoMB/rjhnN16pOYsMDQwM9KZJEkL0jvoAVN3eMadXt2FyarP32nm0WFka+b+DTb3Q2L/g/9NSplVRd0UGc/YeMEJcfKyoqKj4xCnKlLmnX6cB1N3YKEu6TbsTUQ4AkB+8oDfnSK1daXUAACEXlxLOwZaPGheIrX9rt0V08CDeEcKiomJjhg/jIP2XO3yAJi9wUtbcbmze+x2bT7gFNz9PBwAoCNYa1ZtHeu3zezajBg0yvxEFAFAW9Rsv0Evu7VowZPAQvpGjRUXHCfH2J/0lD/l9BYBPThuHEjLfKazxTByznEqI2vPPjAZa3BZNyQH9eYVHi4qOEx3cj7vvsCXvi+BnLzDinKX6E6GVd759hWetUREmfXUDiwHqEzdNG9Wr3+BBA3h6cfcbq7c7opABAC+PaxMiccY7DwCgPJQqwN1X2iymFiDHW28MR7d+AmMlxomKio4dLz1dTffE48a1YWlvH5yZJzeyf69eEzR3RZWx13NhhMWwrReGEW7NZ8k/5vw1FAbr8XIMmmAe3tTfSEsMf5taSgeoctwoS7opOYeXAQB8DZr/kxfeXzAhhNvkSuMXdf4hldGEjLkeXg0A/sfNehMOi5+8oLb6VqMX3hydR7gFNz9PAwCAGrcdur36DB4/evhQPl3Pxp6G33qhPNJiNCHCc4LLAKDuppkU4Rq1/80PL8xzbFzKvfjoMllC1F5mQl2c4wBCBDVOVQFAdZS+7BDCY/SzF8JoACVvdcZwdR86x+dLPQAUvLOTHECGTD+U3wA5vrZjBMYs3nfuyAHrU3Yvvt/8vzo1l5ABaxyiACDhoTUfF+kvaxlFA6B9WqY4hIxY4J/T+LGvTwwMT/taDdU5IeHhxQAAJcc0eEkfUbu/9aAF6Ryw9jml+LFw+XMtS4jE8dQdvzyn3KLERch0t18WZa0LvLCKr2+vIcLjpKSkZCZPlplm4plWD1B9ZYUYIRMcQkoBAHL9NAjpN21DSh0AQMbrMyP6EsLNP0llVXBeRcBpyyE9+/KPkZRWUJo4mo+QbkYXgwCg/ON1HkJkl9g1LnPqtVedkD6r3JrWLy0OcxzXlxBCxi69UtL4o9Jw/QmEDLH8ZTknesElq5kcvfqNGi8tp6AgzstNyPCd3rkAEHt1RU9C1K+8azwTexeJESLrltTQUBZmKj2Suz//BKlJ0xQm83ITwjkvsAAAktcKEjJWL7gYAOq8L6wW5OIeIjhmwoQJwryD+4+jXnufDQBfg65KDeorPEFORVV15kz11Qeuh2VUQgmbkQAAAlRJREFUAEDOO0eFYd0I9xCpydMmz5g2bkS/vhNNQkuhcdeJcf378A4fIyUlNVlmiqS44f3ISqiNWzFfTkx8opS05Ai+QWPVtoSX4v3C/zUsHNcUnZO660X6Ia+WJXW3R/7DyB9/yih+fHK1/sqTUUXNVgCrTw58sNJUj0qlWmw55RPzhd4AADW+N3fqG1gHpNIAAEoTTpksWmVzL7/prbS3907P1dPWXXv6UxlAQ7G3s62elob2GhtPv1c229ede5kAANXpfqv0Fx20929sWce6ndQ3XnHr47fHpPXZh+eJEjJk271vg69o6ZeszfTXOmX9unJTXWXGgyNrtTWoyzZfD/B9tGzV9vvRxQCQ/eamhb7+Sd/GpVAq3a7u1Nc/GPalDgBKk4OPbTbSoM7ef+uZz81TGy1OxZUDQN6djQv1d55LblqPufaT34NNJtpUKtVs65XwL2UAANCQ+/7mzLEC4+RUtbW1tdWVRvTiEFbeGlfVAADpwfeW6evoGe59k5T+xuHgWmuHrKZeA3p6qMeeZXOpVKq+5WHPiBQaAwDoaREv95nOolI11treSW6xZh7y/wZ7joNmM2pTd08bRAS0PdPZ6gNTfctYghCBsx8qAADKQubydyPDdN7k4DNGpK2gF/6bRNdthBAxkwuF//23rITx3mnz2GEDe/fuw8PDwzNwEO9wsWXnXtVgCwBpM+iF/ybFz3nr9v1u4bkdHaQljKyP3id2b1i/fv36A2d8o9p7uDfy/wp6AUGQ5qAXEARpDnoBQZDmoBcQBGkOegFBkOb8D/0W51LuNMgqAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Source: UNODC early warning advisory on new psychoactive substances. Includes only synthetic opioids reported as NPS (i.e., with no current approved medical use). Data for 2016 are preliminary.
For more information, please see:
UNODC “World Drug Report 2017”
http://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/
UNODC report on “Fentanyl and its analogues - 50 years on”
https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Global_SMART_Update_17_web.pdf