VIENNA, Austria - April 2024: Based on preliminary information from 16 countries, 31 new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been identified for the first time in 2023, compared to 44 in 2022. Overall, the decreasing in the number of NPS reported for the first time per year observed since 2021 seems to have continued in 2023.
A notable difference to substances reported for the first time in 2022, was the higher number of synthetic opioids (nine substances - almost a third of all first reported substances), as well as the fact that more nitazenes (six substances) than fentanyl analogues (three substances) were reported for the first time in 2023.
The second and third largest group among the first reportings in 2023 were synthetic cannabinoids (six substances), including three semi-synthetic cannabinoids, and stimulants with six substances, including four synthetic cathinones. The diversification of semi-synthetic cannabinoids, already observed in 2022, continued in 2023 with the emergence of Hexahydrocannabihexol, Tetrahydrocannabidiol, Tetrahydrocannabiphorol. So far, only countries in Europe have reported these three substances to UNODC.
Based on the information available, the pattern of NPS reported for the first time changed significantly from 2022 to 2023. While in 2022, synthetic cannabinoids represented almost half of all first reportings and more stimulants than synthetic opioids were reported, in 2023, a higher number of synthetic opioids were reported followed by stimulants and synthetic cannabinoids at equal numbers.
In terms of regional patterns, by far the largest number of first reportings to UNODC EWA in 2023 were made in Europe, where 21 substances were reported for the first time, none of which was reported in any other region. An additional six substances were reported in North America for the first time and not in any other region, and four first reportings were reported in both regions.
Figure 1: Number of NPS reported in 2022 and 2023 for the first time by effect group
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)
Source: UNODC Early Warning Advisory (EWA) on New Psychoactive Substances, 2024. Data for 2023 is preliminary.
For further information please see:
EWA news: February 2024 – UNODC EWA: Nitazenes – a new group of synthetic opioids emerges
EWA news: October 2023 – UNODC EWA: The emergence of semi-synthetic cannabinoids
***The Spanish translation of this news item is made possible thanks to a collaboration with OAS/CICAD, a partner of the UNODC EWA.**